[90] The most notable new urban areas are central Trung Ha Nhn Chnh, M nh, the luxurious zones of The Manor, Ciputra, Royal City in the Nguyn Tri Street (Thanh Xun District) and Times City in the Hai B Trng District. [95] A rail transport system is planned to be built to expand public transport and link the Hanoi to surrounding areas. As of 2012, this metropolitan area has a population of 17 million, of which, 4.6 million live in urban areas, by 2020, the number will be 20-22 and 12-13 million respectively. Vincom Royal City Megamall, the largest underground mall in Asia with 230,000 square metres of shops, restaurants, cineplex, waterpark (formerly), cinema, ice skating rink; Nguyen Trai street (approx 6km from Hoan Kiem Lake), Vincom Times City Megamall, another megamall of 230,000 square metres including shops, restaurants, cineplex, huge musical fountain on central square and a giant aquarium; Minh Khai street (approx 5km from Hoan Kiem Lake), Hai Ba Trung district, This page was last edited on 3 June 2023, at 03:10. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. [69][70]:40 The city is usually cloudy and foggy in this time, averaging only 1.5 hours of sunshine per day in February and March. [50] The name refers to its pacification by the dynasty. A city between rivers built on lowlands, Hanoi has many scenic lakes and is sometimes called the "city of lakes". Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In 2004, a massive part of the 900-year-old Hanoi Citadel was discovered in central Hanoi, near the site of Ba nh Square.[108]. Although it is a major transport hub with a large network of national routes, expressways, railways, and is home to Noi Bai International Airport, the busiest airport in Vietnam, the disparity of wealth between the rich and the poor is a problem in both the capital and throughout the country. In general, the terrain becomes gradually lower from north to south and from west to east, with the average height ranging from 5 to 20 meters above sea level. Even though some relics have not survived through wars and time, the city still has many interesting cultural and historic monuments for visitors and residents alike. Hanoi has experienced a rapid construction boom recently. [130] The Reunification Express (tu Thng Nht) runs from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City from Hanoi station (formerly Hang Co station), with stops at cities and provinces along the line. WebIt is the second largest city in Vietnam, with over eight million residents within the city proper and an estimated population of 20 million within the metropolitan area. In August 1945, following the Japanese surrender, the Viet Minh under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh seized power in Hanoi, and the city was established as the capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Thng Long University, founded in 1988, by Vietnamese mathematics professors in Hanoi and France[128] was the first private university in Vietnam. At the beginning of the 20th century Hanoi consisted of the "36 streets", the citadel, and some of the newer French buildings south of Hon Kim lake, most of which are now part of Hon Kim district. It is estimated that 62% of the scientists in the whole country are living and working in Hanoi. In 1950, the population of Hanoi was 260,802. Hanoi has grown by 186,033 in the last year, which represents a 3.67% annual change. [64] Following a short period of economic stagnation after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Hanoi resumed its rapid economic growth.[64]. Hanoi can sometimes experience snow in winter. [82] By 1991, the area of Hanoi continued to change, decreasing to 924km2 (357sqmi), but the population was still over 2 million people. [49], By the middle of the fifth century, in the center of ancient Hanoi, a fortified settlement was founded by the Chinese Liu Song dynasty as the seat of a new district called Tng Bnh (Songping) within Giao Ch commandery. The largest cumulative subsidence in Hanoi metropolitan occurs in Ha Dong, up to 490 mm between 2007 and 2018. The estimated population is difficult to determine conclusively as more people come into the city, but the last known count of the overall population of Vietnam showed that there were approximately 7.68 million people. [115] Hanoi is sometimes dubbed the "Paris of the East" for its French influences. Hon Kim Lake, also known as Sword Lake, is the historical and cultural center of Hanoi, and is linked to the legend of the magic sword. [95], Part of the goals of the i Mi economic reforms was to decentralize governance for purpose of economic improvement. [63], After the i Mi economic policies were approved in 1986, the Communist Party and national and municipal governments hoped to attract international investments for urban development projects in Hanoi. Hanoi has a high Human Development Index of 0.799, ranking first amongst all the municipalities and provinces of Vietnam. Other component parts will include provinces: Vnh Phc Province, Hng Yn Province, Bc Ninh Province, Hi Dng Province, H Nam Province, Ha Bnh, Bc Giang Province, Ph Th Province and Thi Nguyn Province with an area of 24.314,7km, half of the size of Greater Ho Chi Minh City, the same for population size planning. [131] The Reunification Express between Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City covers a distance of 1,726km (1,072mi) and takes approximately 33 hours. Although there are state owned kindergartens, there are also many private ventures that serve both local and international needs. Map of ng Kinh (Hanoi) in 1490, painted by Emperor L Thnh Tng, A view of Hanoi from the Red River in 1685, manuscript from Royal Society's archive. This is likely to increase consumption of less nutritious foods, as traditional markets are key for consumption of fresh rather than processed foods. Hanoi was the capital and the administrative center for French Indochina for most of the colonial period (from 1902 to 1945). In the 1990s, Hanoi experienced significant poverty alleviation as a result of both the market reforms and civil society movements. WebJava and other core areas such as the Bangkok (Thailand), Hanoi, and Manila metropolitan areas contain high population densities. [95], In recent years, two master plans have been created to guide Hanoi's development. It was jointly funded by the UNDP, the Vietnamese government, and resources raised by the local communities and governments. [127] Admissions to undergraduate study are through entrance examinations, which are conducted annually and open to everyone (who has successfully completed his/her secondary education) in the country. GDP $95.8 billion. [102] Organizations in Hanoi are more "tradition-bound", focused on policy, education, research, professional interests, and appealing to governmental organizations to solve social problems. It is the largest lake in Hanoi, with many temples in the area. 11 Citations Metrics Abstract Concentrations of seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners were determined in surface sediments collected from several rivers and lakes in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, to understand the status of background contamination, accumulation pattern, sources, and toxic implications for 3.0%. [102], As the capital of Vietnam for almost a thousand years, Hanoi is considered one of the main cultural centres of Vietnam, where most Vietnamese dynasties have left their imprint. The third Asian Indoor Games were held in Hanoi in 2009. By 1961, the area of the city had expanded to 584km2, and the population was 91,000 people. Under French rule, Hanoi again became an important administrative centre. The population in Hanoi has been rapidly growing year by year, at a rate of about 3.5% per year. A large percentage of the population is under 20 years old, though the life expectancy in the country is good. Two varieties of ph dominate the Hanoi scene: ph b, containing beef, and ph g, containing chicken. On July 2, 1976, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed, and Hanoi was established as its capital. WebTheir implications for Metro Hanois future sustainable development are also discussed. In 1902 it was made the capital of French Indochina. This schedule is repeated six days out of the week. Locals in Hanoi perceive the ability to purchase "fast-food" as an indication of luxury and permanent fixtures. The University of Hanoi, the Revolutionary Museum, the Army Museum, and the National Museum are important cultural institutions. Some notable colonial structures are an eclectic mixture of French and traditional Vietnamese architectural styles, such as the National Museum of Vietnamese History, the Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts and the old Indochina Medical College. It ranked eighth in 2014,[117] fourth in 2015[118] and eighth in 2016. Since 1954 Hanoi has been transformed from a primarily commercial city into an industrial and agricultural centre. Rice, fruits and vegetables, cereals, and industrial crops are grown in the surrounding area. WebPopulation 7.9 million. Hanoi, as the capital of French Indochina, was home to the first Western-style universities in Indochina, including: Indochina Medical College (1902) now Hanoi Medical University, Indochina University (1904) now Hanoi National University (the largest), and cole Suprieure des Beaux-Arts de l'Indochine (1925) now Hanoi University of Fine Art. 1,410. Backlinks from other websites and blogs are the lifeblood of our site and are our primary source of new traffic. As 2012, this Metropolitan area will include Hanoi and nine Provinces.[1]. These numbers indicate the much greater earning potential in urban rather than in rural spaces. The majority of universities in Hanoi are public, although in recent years a number of private universities have begun operation. It was created out of collaboration between planners from Hanoi and the National Institute of Urban and Rural Planning in the Ministry of Construction. While the rate of urbanization in [69] Winters, from December to January, are characterized as being cool by the northeast monsoon, making Hanoi have a dry winter and large amount of sunshine. Spring, from February until the end of April, Hanoi is usually characterized with large amounts of drizzle and little sunshine due to the strong activity of the southeast monsoon blowing moisture from the sea inland. It is a constant reminder of its past and its drive to pursue the future. Please check your download folder. Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed the site Thng Long (, "Soaring Dragon") a name still used poetically to this day. [84] According to the 2009 census, Hanoi's population is 6,451,909 people. A variety of options for entertainment in Hanoi can be found throughout the city. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Hanoi's traditional business districts are Hon Kim, Hai B Trng and ng a; and newly developing Cu Giy, Nam T Lim, Bc T Lim, Thanh Xun and H ng in the west. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [96], Hanoi is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast through the Strait of Malacca towards the southern tip of India to Mombasa, from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with its rail connections to Central Europe and the North Sea. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Hai Phong, Vietnam metro area from 1950 to 2023. H Ni is divided into 12 urban districts, 1 district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. The current metro area population of Taibei in 2023 is 2,754,000, a 0.44% increase from 2022. [95] 21% of the labor force in the city has completed tertiary education in contrast to 4.1% in the suburbs. "[129], Hanoi has 1,370 streets and roads with the total length of over 2,300km (1,429mi); 573 bridges, of which 483 small to middle bridges, 13 light overpasses for vehicle, 70 pedestrian overpasses and 7 main bridges (Chng Dng, Vnh Tuy, Thanh Tr, Nht Tn, ng Tr, Thng Long, and Phng); 115 tunnels, including 9 main tunnels, 39 pedestrian tunnels and 67 underpass. Hanoi joined UNESCO's Network of Creative Cities as a Design City on 31 October 2019, on the occasion of World Cities' Day. Hanoi has a number of restaurants whose menus specifically offer dishes containing snake[122][123] and various species of insects. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [56] i La at the time with approximate 25,000 residents included small foreign communities and residents of Persians, Arabs, Indian, Cham, Javanese, and Nestorian Christians,[57] became an important trading center of the Tang dynasty due to the ransacking of Guangzhou by Huang Chao rebellion. Nashville landed third on the list, adding 5,488 new people in 2022. It has over eight million residents within the city proper and an estimated population of 20 million within the metropolitan area. The city of Hanoi is no small village. [41][42], In March[43] of 40 AD, Trng Trc and Trng Nh, daughters of a wealthy aristocratic family of Lac ethnicity[44] in M Linh district (Hanoi), led the locals to rise up in rebellion against the Han. As of 2012, this metropolitan area has a population of 17 million, of which, 4.6 million live in urban areas, by 2020, the number will be 20-22 and 12-13 million respectively. [135] Line 2A opened on 6 November 2021,[136] while line 3 is expected to begin operation in 2023. Even in the Old Quarter, where commerce started hundreds of years ago and consisted mostly of family businesses, many of the street-front stores nowadays are owned by merchants and retailers from other provinces. The total surface area of Hanoi comes to 3,328.9 square kilometers (approximately 1,292 square miles). United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. [95] Hanoi's public infrastructure was assessed as in poor condition with high amounts of pollution and congestion in 2001. As H Ty was merged into Hanoi by a resolution of the National Assembly of Vietnam in June 2008, this metropolitan area will include Hanoi and six surrounding provinces. [124] The signature dishes at these restaurant are those containing processed ant-eggs, often in the culinary styles of Thai people or Vietnam's Muong and Tay ethnic people. Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism are the main religions of Hanoi for many years. [64] The Ba nh District is also protected from commercial redevelopment.[64]. The best way to see the majestic beauty of a West Lake sunset is to view it from one of the many bars around the lake, especially from The Summit at Pan Pacific Hanoi (formally known as Summit Lounge at Sofitel Plaza Hanoi). Bangkok is considered a primate city, or one that serves as the population, political and financial center of a country with no other rival city. With an estimated nominal GDP of US$42.04billion as of 2019, it is the second most productive economic area of Vietnam (after Ho Chi Minh City), Agriculture, previously a pillar in Hanoi's economy, has striven to reform itself, introducing new high-yield plant varieties and livestock, and applying modern farming techniques. [105] Each street had merchants and households specializing in a particular trade, such as silk, jewelry or even bamboo. There are two metro lines in Hanoi, one of which is under construction, as part of the master plan for the future Hanoi Metro system. When the Nguyn dynasty was established in 1802, Gia Long moved the capital to Hu. [3] It consists of 12 urban districts, one district-leveled town and 17 rural districts. Pre-tertiary (elementary and secondary) schools in Hanoi are generally state run, but there are also some independent schools. In 1954, the city had 53 thousand inhabitants, covering an area of 152km2. The city also has 63km (39mi) of inland waterway, which are Yn stream, Hai stream, C L and y river.[130]. [29] During the mid-Holocene transgression, the sea level rose and immersed low-lying areas; geological data clearly show the coastline was inundated and was located near present-day Hanoi, as is apparent from the absence of Neolithic sites across most of the Bac Bo region. [138] The race was initially postponed and later cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the inaugural edition of the event postponed to 2021. Geogr. [93] The uneducated, rural, and mostly female street vendors are depicted as participants of "microbusiness" and local grassroots economic development by business reports. The city is situated in northern Vietnam on the western bank of the Red River, about 85 miles (140 km) inland from the South China Sea. On 29 May 2008, it was decided that H Ty Province, Vnh Phc Province's M Linh District and four communes of Lng Sn District, Ha Bnh Province be merged into the metropolitan area of Hanoi from 1 August 2008. Private vehicles dominate transportation, with about [71][72] Hanoi averages 1,612 millimetres (63.5in) of rainfall per year, the majority falling from May to October. Argentina, Buenos Aires, city: 2,891,082; metro: 13,074,000 Armenia, Yerevan, 1,121,900 Australia, Canberra, 354,644 Austria, Vienna, 1,552,789 Azerbaijan, Baku, 1,879,251 B Bahamas, Nassau, 248,948 Bahrain, Manama, 140,616 Bangladesh, Dhaka, city: 7,000,940; metro: 12,797,394 Barbados, Bridgetown, 96,578 Belarus, [83] After the most recent expansion in August 2008, Hanoi has a population of 6.233million and is among the 17 capitals with the largest area in the world. The coldest month has a mean temperature of 16.4C (61.5F) and the hottest month has a mean temperature of 29.2C (84.6F). By Annalee Newitz Published August 13, 2014 Comments ( 98) In Vietnam, the city of Hanoi is going through a population boom. The street names still reflect these specializations, although few of them remain exclusively in their original commerce. These small and agile vehicles allow the driver to navigate the heavy traffic much more efficiently than in a standard car. Hanoi's telephone numbers have been increased to 8 digits to cope with demand (October 2008). Following the collapse of u Lc, the city was part of Han China. Hanoi remained the administrative centre during the Japanese occupation (194045) of the territory. Throughout the land, you can discover the ravages of war right next to the new Vietnam. Hanoi's history goes back to the third century BCE, when a portion of the modern-day city served as the capital of the historic Vietnamese nation of u Lc. This contrasted with 2021 which showed the Tennessee capital recorded the As with all cities within the booming economy of Vietnam, Hanoi has a strict education system. It is located within the In the 1940s the population of the city was 132,145. [95] The previous close relationship between the Soviet Union and Vietnam led to the creation of the first comprehensive plan for Hanoi with the assistance of Soviet planners between 1981 and 1984. Insect-inspired menus can be found at a number of restaurants in Khuong Thuong village, Hanoi. The population increase in Hanoi over the last two decades is largely due to migration . [64] The high-rise commercial buildings did not begin to appear until ten years later due to the international investment community being skeptical of the security of their investments in Vietnam. Among the latter is Lake Hoan Kiem (Lake of the Restored Sword). Source 2: Vietnamnet.vn (May record high and January record low only), It was known first as Long Bin (, "dragon edge"), then Tng Bnh (, ", In 866, it was turned into a citadel and named i La (, "big net"). During the French colonial period, as the capital of French Indochina, Hanoi attracted a considerable number of French, Chinese and Vietnamese from the surrounding areas. Hanoi has had various names throughout history. Modern and traditional theaters, cinemas, karaoke bars, dance clubs, bowling alleys, and an abundance of opportunities for shopping provide leisure activity for both locals and tourists. Hanoi is also a communications centre. [69] The city have also experienced extremely hot weather on 4 June 2017 due to La Nia, with the temperature reached up to 42.5C (108.5F) in a week. As a result, it's unclear whether the race will be held at all.[140]. [38], In 111 BC, the Han dynasty conquered Nanyue and ruled it for the next several hundred years. During the 1990s, Hanoi's population increased steadily, reaching 2,672,122 people in 1999. The new international terminal (T2), designed and built by Japanese contractors, opened in January 2015 and is a big facelift for the airport. The original owner family may have either rented out the store and moved into the adjoining house or moved out of the neighbourhood altogether. About 33.8% of the labor force in the city has completed secondary school in contrast to 19.4% in the suburbs. The highest recorded temperature was 42.8C (109F) in May 1926, while the lowest recorded temperature was 2.7C (37F) in January 1955. Hanoi has been named one of the top 10 cities for shopping in Asia by Water Puppet Tours. [11], According to a recent ranking by PricewaterhouseCoopers, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City will be amongst the fastest-growing cities in the world in terms of GDP growth from 2008 to 2025. Located in part of the Red River Delta, Hanoi is the commercial, cultural, and Discover the ancient traditional art of water puppetry of Vietnam, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Test Your Geography Knowledge with This Capital Cities Quiz, 39 of the Most Challenging World Capitals Across History, Official Tourism Site of Hanoi City, Vietnam, Hanoi - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Hanoi - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [55] He renamed the city to Daluocheng (, i La thnh). Hanoi is served by Noi Bai International Airport, located in the Soc Son District, approximately 15km (9mi) north of Hanoi. 9% of jobs are provided by collectively owned organizations. The most approved ones are M nh National Stadium (L c Th Boulevard), Qun Nga Sports Palace (Vn Cao Avenue), Hanoi Aquatics Sports Complex and Hanoi Indoor Games Gymnasium. WebThe population of the greater urban area is about 7.5 million (2015), and is expected to grow to more than 8 million by 2025. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In 2017, Hanoi will welcome more than 5 million international tourists. As of 2010 (the year when construction started on the first line), Hanoi's population was around 6,910,000. WebHanoi Capital Region - Wikiwand Hanoi Capital Region or Hanoi Metropolitan Area is a metropolitan area currently planned by the government of Vietnam. In some cities, the issue is resolved with a train system meant to divert the traffic away from the surface streets. During the Vietnam War, the bombing of Hanoi by the United States in 1965, 1968, and 1972 caused massive damage. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. After nine years of fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became the capital of an independent North Vietnam in 1954. The non-state economic sector is expanding fast, with more than 48,000 businesses operating under the Enterprise Law (as of 3/2007).[89]. In Hanoi, 16.7% of civic organizations accept anyone as a registered member and 73.9% claim to have their own budgets, as opposed to 90.9% in Ho Chi Minh City. United Nations - World Population Prospects, Ha Noi, Vietnam Metro Area Population 1950-2023, The current metro area population of Ha Noi in 2023 is, The metro area population of Ha Noi in 2022 was, The metro area population of Ha Noi in 2021 was, The metro area population of Ha Noi in 2020 was. ; Castrence, M. Monitoring peri-urbanization in the greater Ho Chi Minh city metropolitan area. Even when the nation's capital moved to Hu under the Nguyn Dynasty in 1802, the city of Hanoi continued to flourish, especially after the French took control in 1888 and modeled the city's architecture to their tastes, lending an important aesthetic to the city's rich stylistic heritage. When H Ty was merged into Hanoi in 2008, H ng was transformed into an urban district while Sn Ty is demoted to a district-leveled town. Motorbikes can also be rented from agents within the Old Quarter of Hanoi, although this falls inside a rather grey legal area.[137]. [126] Other universities that are not part of Vietnam National University or Hanoi University include Hanoi School for Public Health, Hanoi School of Agriculture, Electric Power University and University of Transport and Communications. [129] According to Hanoi government publications, the national system of education was reformed in 1950, 1956 and 1970. The French Army withdrew that year and the People's Army of Vietnam and International Control Commission occupied the city under the terms of the 1954 Geneva Conference. Hanoi | Location, History, Population, & Facts | Britannica WebAs of 2012, this metropolitan area has a population of 17 million, of which, 4.6 million live in urban areas, by 2020, the number will be 20-22 and 12-13 million respectively. This may be a tight squeeze for the people of Hanoi, but the growth continues year after year. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. WebHanoi[a] ), often just referred to as The Capital , is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. It was elevated to its own commandery at some point between AD454 and 464. [88] [139] The Grand Prix was removed from the 2021 calendar because of the arrest of Hanoi People's Committee Chairman Nguyn c Chung on corruption charges unrelated to the Grand Prix. In 1010 Ly Thai To, the first ruler of the Ly dynasty (10091225) of Vietnam, chose the site of Hanoithen called Thang Long (Rising Dragon)for his capital. In 2022 2023, the population of the city of Hanoi, Vietnam is - 6 448 837 people. [134] Number of vehicles registered in Hanoi as of July 2022 is over 7.6 million, including more than 1 million cars, over 6.4 million motorcycles of and 179,000 electric motorbikes. Gouveneur-Gnral Paul Doumer (18981902) played a crucial role in colonial Hanoi's urban planning. Population of the London (UK) metropolitan The Reunification Express line was established during French colonial rule and was completed over a period of nearly forty years, from 1899 to 1936. Hanoi is the only capital of Southeast Asia with a subtropical climate. As 2012, this Metropolitan area will include Hanoi and nine Provinces.[1]. [119] United Nations population projections are also included In 2015, Hanoi is ranked 39th by Emporis in the list of world cities with most skyscrapers over 100m; its two tallest buildings are Hanoi Landmark 72 Tower (336m, second tallest in Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh City's Landmark 81 and third tallest in south-east Asia after Malaysia's Petronas Towers) and Hanoi Lotte Center (272m, also, third tallest in Vietnam). [95] The project aimed to use locally available resources and knowledge such as compressed earth construction techniques for building. Ho Chi Minh City has grown by 243,708 in the last Migrants to the city bring both advantages and challenges for policymakers and the public. [93] In July 2008, Hanoi's city government devised a policy to partially ban street vendors and side-walk based commerce on 62 streets due to concerns about public health and "modernizing" the city's image to attract foreigners. Enter your email below, and you'll receive this table's data in your inbox momentarily. Hanoi Capital Region or Hanoi Metropolitan Area (Vietnamese: Vng th H Ni) is a metropolitan area currently planned by the government of Vietnam. WebThe city is home to over 13% of the country's total population, and more than 10.6 million registered people were reported to live in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region according to figures from April 2015. Following the end of the war, Hanoi became the capital of a reunified Vietnam when North and South Vietnam were reunited on 2 July 1976. This metropolitan area will straddle in following provinces:[2]. the precipitation exceeds the potential evapotranspiration). Hanoi is the second largest city in Vietnam and boasts a thriving and ever-growing population where the new and the old work together in perfect harmony. [95] Local labor, community support, and joint funding were decided as necessary for the long-term sustainability of the project. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. In 2003, Hanoi had 2,000 businesses engaged in foreign trade, having established ties with 161 countries and territories. In addition, the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, built in the 11th century, was designated in 2010 as a UNESCO World Heritage site. [91], After the economic reforms that initiated economic growth, Hanoi's appearance has also changed significantly, especially in recent years. 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Bn ch, a dish consisting of charcoal roasted pork served in a sweet/salty soup with rice noodle vermicelli and lettuce, is by far the most popular food item among locals. Although the government of Hanoi has considered addressing the problem in this way, the public transportation approach is still in its infancy with no visible train system yet. To adapt to Hanoi's rapid economic growth and high population density, many modern shopping centers and megamalls have been opened in Hanoi. Small oceangoing vessels can sail to Hanoi on the Red River, and many small rivers are navigable from the capital to most parts of northern Vietnam. The city observed its 1,000th anniversary in early October 2010 by staging a number of events that culminated with a massive parade on October 10. In 1010, Vietnamese emperor L Thi T established the capital of the imperial Vietnamese nation i Vit in modern-day central Hanoi, naming the city Thng Long (literally 'Ascending Dragon'). Went through more than six decades of French colonization and centuries of sociocultural influence from China, French and Chinese cultures have influenced the designs of the old houses in Hanoi. [133] On 4 July 2017, the Hanoi government voted to ban motorbikes entirely by 2030, to reduce pollution, congestion, and encourage the expansion and use of public transport. Both areas have distinctive French Colonial style villas and broad tree-lined avenues. The number of Hanoians who have settled down for more than three generations is likely to be very small when compared to the overall population of the city. [85] As of 1 April 2019, Hanoi had a population of 8,053,663, including 3,991,919 males and 4,061,744 females. Hng y Stadium is home to three football clubs: Hanoi, Hanoi Police and Viettel, both participating in V.League 1. [95] In 1998, a revised version of the Hanoi Master plan was approved to be completed in 2020. The region has a positive water balance (i.e. Thin Tr Pagoda in the Perfume Pagoda complex, Thp Bt (Pen Tower) with a phrase "T thanh thin" (meaning "Write on the sky") next to Hon Kim Lake (2007), Presidential Palace, Hanoi (formerly Place of The Governor-General of French Indochina), Hanoi Opera House, modelled on the Palais Garnier in Paris, Museum of Vietnamese History in Hanoi, formerly the first cole franaise d'Extrme-Orient. [65] Hanoi's total area then increased to 334,470 hectares in 29 subdivisions[66] with the new population being 6,232,940.,[66] effectively tripling its size. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your image export is now complete. Industrial production in the city has experienced a rapid boom since the 1990s, with average annual growth of 19.1 percent from 1991 to 1995, 15.9 percent from 1996 to 2000, and 20.9 percent during 20012003. This metropolitan area was created by decision 490/QD-TTg dated May 5, 2008 of the Prime Minister of Vietnam. [95] The result of the land-use pattern was meant to resemble a five cornered star by 2010. Hanoi was the only Asia-Pacific locality to be granted the "City for Peace" title by the UNESCO on 16 July 1999, recognizing its contributions to the struggle for peace, its efforts to promote equality in the community, protect the environment, promote culture and education, and care for younger generations. It is estimated that 62% of the scientists in the country live within Hanoi. [101] Most of the civic organizations in Hanoi were established after 1995, at a rate much slower than in Ho Chi Minh City. In 863, Nanzhao army and local people laid siege of Jincheng and defeated the Chinese armies of 150,000. Two areas are generally called the "French Quarters": the governmental area in Ba nh District and the south of Hon Kim District. Hanoi will be the core city of this metropolitan area. The Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ metro area surpassed the 5 million population threshold between 2021 and 2022. Some prominent edifices from feudal time include the Temple of Literature (Vn Miu), site of the oldest university in Vietnam which was started in 1010, the One Pillar Pagoda (Cha Mt Ct) which was built based on the dream of king L Thi Tng (10281054) in 1049, and the Flag Tower of Hanoi (Ct c H Ni). Hanoi is the most affordable international destination in TripAdvisor's annual TripIndex report. Hanoi will be the core city of this metropolitan area. Area 3,358 km2. They rely more heavily on full-time staff than volunteers. Among its lakes, the most famous are Hon Kim Lake, West Lake, Trc Bch Lake and By Mu Lake (inside Thng Nht Park). [51] The commandery included the districts of Yihuai () and Suining () in the south of the Red River (now T Lim and Hoi c districts) with a metropolis (the domination centre) in the present inner Hanoi. [45] Trng sisters then established their court upriver in M Linh. Hanoi's 2023 population is now estimated at 5,253,385. For example, "Hng Bc" (silver stores) still have many stores specializing in trading silver and jewelries. Hon Kim District and Ba nh District are the districts with the highest population density. Zhao Tuo subsequently incorporated the regions into his Nanyue domain, but left the indigenous chiefs in control of the population. Shortly thereafter Hanoi became the capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). History reveals that the urban development of Metro Hanoi is closely related to feudal dynasties and political status of Vietnam. Seventh Air Force and Republic of Vietnam Air Force. Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Dong Kinh, Ha Noi, Thang Long, Tonquin. The Old Quarter, near Hon Kim Lake, maintains most of the original street layout and some of the architecture of old Hanoi. The population, located in the western area of Ha Noi will, by using the metro, avoid traffic congestion and reduce traffic safety hazards (especially traffic accidents); reduce health-related problems (especially respiratory problems) due to air pollution The city of Hanoi is no small village. [60] Right after the end of the Ty Sn dynasty, it was named Bc Thnh (, "Northern Citadel"). Methods: Between April and August 2013, a general population-based survey was carried out in the greater Hanoi area, Vietnam. [102] This marked difference from Ho Chi Minh's civic organizations, which practice more direct intervention to tackle social issues, may be attributed to the different societal identities of North and South Vietnam. [54][55] In 866, Chinese jiedushi Gao Pian recaptured the city and drove out the Nanzhao and rebels. WebIn the Hanoi metropolitan district, there are 6.5 million residents. [64] Rapid urban development and rising costs displaced many residential areas in central Hanoi. It is a large conundrum within Hanoi, but one that hopefully will be rectified one day by either investment in the public transportation system or other innovative developments. Global Theme on Agroecosystems Report No. The Hanoi Capital Region (Vng Th H Ni), a metropolitan area covering Hanoi and six surrounding provinces under its administration, will have an area of 13,436 square kilometres (5,188sqmi) with 15 million people by 2020. The scale and diversity of issues highlight the city's ambition to expand, with a metropolitan area covering more than 3300 km 2, and to manage its urban transition [69] Summer, from May to September, is characterized by hot and humid weather with abundant rainfall, and few dry days. Vietnam is a beautiful country full of history and amazing people. In the earlier half of the ninth century, it was further built up and called Jincheng (, Kim Thanh or Kim Citadel). In total, the proportion of land for traffic in the city 2021 is 10.3%. Hanoi has two airports. WebThe Hanoi Metro (Vietnamese: Hanoi's population is growing rapidly. HT formerly an administrative subdivision unit of the defunct H Ty Province. [102] A majority of the civic organizations in Hanoi find it difficult to work with governmental organizations. [95] Hanoi has in-migration controls which allow the city to accept only people who add skills Hanoi's economy. WebHo Chi Minh City's 2023 population is now estimated at 9,320,866. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Ha Noi, Vietnam metro area from 1950 to 2023. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. Traffic congestion and air pollution are worsening as the number of motor cycles increases. [132] As of 2005, there were 278 stations on the Vietnamese railway network, of which 191 were located along the northsouth line. The city occasionally was renamed for periods of time, and one of these names, Dong Kinh, given to it during the Later Le dynasty (14281787), became corrupted by Europeans to Tonquin. Hanoi will be the core city of this metropolitan area. Hanoi has been the capital of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam since 1976. There are an average of 114 days with rain. This led to the establishment of the first issue-oriented civic organizations in Hanoi. Projects such as airport upgrading, a golf course, and cultural villages have been approved for development by the government. Hanoi, also spelled Ha Noi, city, capital of Vietnam. [27] It is believed that the region has been continuously inhabited for the last 4,000 years. They are juxtaposed with French colonial architecture (villas, administrative buildings and tree-lined boulevards). The "Old Quarter" is in the northern half of Hon Kim District with small street blocks and alleys, and a traditional Vietnamese atmosphere. The Franco-Chinese or hybrid architecture in Vietnam have shown, the cultural additivity in Vietnamese architecture is reflected in the front of a house in the co-existence of French-styled columns, Confucian scrolls, the Taoist yin-yang sign, and the Buddhist lotus sculpture. [93] The vendors have not able to form effective resistance tactics to the ban and remain embedded in the dominant capitalist framework of modern Hanoi. Education is equivalent to the K12 system in the U.S., with elementary school between grades 1 and 5, middle school (or junior high) between grades 6 and 9, and high school from grades 10 to 12. Other component parts will include provinces: Vnh Phc Province, Hng Yn Province, Bc Ninh Province, Hi Dng Province, H Nam Province, Ha B All-populations.com used data from the number of the population from Students in Hanoi are expected to take their education quite seriously and, from the age of three until the age of 18, students attend school for half of the day and then do additional learning through extracurricular activities and tutoring. The city's nominal GDP at current prices reached 451,213billion VND (US$21.48billion) in 2013, which made per capita GDP stand at 63.3million VND (US$3,000). [27][28] In 19981999, the Museum of Vietnamese History (now National Museum of Vietnamese History) carried out the archaeological studies in the north of Dong Mo Lake (Son Tay, Hanoi), finding various relics and objects belonging to Sn Vi Culture in the Paleolithic Age, 20,000 years ago. Area mun., 1,205 square miles (3,120 square km). The One Pillar Pagoda, the Lyce du Protectorat and the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum are also in Ba Dinh. Many vestiges of human habitation from the late Palaeolithic and early Mesolithic ages can be found in Hanoi. In four communes, the local communities contributed 37% of the total budget. Appl. Following the collapse of South Vietnam on April 30, 1975, North Vietnam extended its control over all of Vietnam. 'Hanoi: Biography of a City' by William S. Logan, University of Washington Press 2000. [18] The city hosts various venerable educational institutions and cultural venues of significance, including the Vietnam National University, the M nh National Stadium, and the Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts. This gave it the nickname La Thnh (, "net citadel"). Omissions? Vietnam's national dish ph has been named as one of the Top 5 street foods in the world by globalpost.[121]. The French, however, reasserted their control over Hanoi from 1946 until their defeat at Dien Bien Phu on May 7, 1954. Hanoi Capital Region or Hanoi Metropolitan Area (Vietnamese: Vng th H Ni) is a metropolitan area currently planned by the government of Vietnam. Hanoi is a landlocked municipality in the northern region of Vietnam, situated in Vietnam's Red River delta, nearly 90km (56mi) from the coast. If you use our datasets on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. [citation needed] In addition to eight existing industrial parks, Hanoi is building five new large-scale industrial parks and 16 small- and medium-sized industrial clusters. In 1408, the Chinese Ming dynasty attacked and occupied Vietnam, changing ng 's name to Dongguan (Chinese: , Eastern Gateway), or ng Quan in Sino-Vietnamese. WebHA NOI Vietnam METRO Hanoi is the capital city of Vietnam, with the country's second largest population after HCMC (Saigon), with some 4 mill. [54] By early tenth century AD, modern-day Hanoi was known to the Muslim traders as Luqin.[58]. New York City continued to exhibit the largest numeric decline, losing 123,104 people from 2021 to 2022. Thng Long, ng , ng Quan, ng Kinh, During Nguyn dynasty and the French colonial period, Anh Th H, Hng c Trn A Brief Chronology of Vietnam's History 2000 Page 40 "Taking this as a good omen, he named the new capital Thng Long (City of the Soaring Dragon), now Hanoi. Subscribers' telephone numbers have been changed in a haphazard way; however, mobile phones and SIM cards are readily available in Vietnam, with pre-paid mobile phone credit available in all areas of Hanoi. On 16 July 1999, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) presented the title "City for Peace" to Hanoi because the city met the following criteria: Exemplary action against exclusion and in support of the dialogue between communities; Exemplary urban action; Exemplary environmental action; Exemplary action to promote culture; Exemplary action in the field of education and especially civic education.[141]. [95] It addressed the significant increase of population projections within Hanoi. Similar to Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi enjoys a rapidly developing real estate market. Both, Several unofficial names of Hanoi include: K Ch (marketplace), Trng An (long peace), Phng Thnh/Phng Thnh (phoenix city), Long Thnh (short for, Several ministries, government agencies and foreign embassies. On 6 November 2018, it was announced that in 2020, Hanoi would become the host of the first FIA Formula 1 Vietnamese Grand Prix on a street circuit on the outskirts of the city. There are more than 50 ethnic groups in Hanoi, of which the Viet (Kinh) is the largest; according to official Vietnamese figures (2019 census), accounting for 98.66% of the population, followed by Mng at 0.77% and Ty at 0.24%. In Quincy, Asian Americans make up 30.8 percent of the population (31,282 residents in the most recent census), while they represent 25.9 percent of the 26, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology", "THNG BO V D BO KH HU MA X, XI, XII NM 2019", https://seadelt.net/Asset/Source/Document_ID-254_No-01.pdf, "a gii H Ni chnh thc m rng t 1/8", "Hanoi to scrap its own conditions for residency registration", "Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are topping the world's highest economic growth cities in 20082025", "Gross domestic product at current prices by economic sector", "NLO Bat dong san Ha Noi soi dong ~ Bt ng sn H Ni si ng KINH T TIU DNG", "CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAM Nguyen van Luat", "Hanoi's four key infrastructure projects put into use", "Food safety and nutrition for low-income urbanites: exploring a social justice dilemma in consumption policy", "Street Vendor Livelihoods and Everyday Politics in Hanoi, Vietnam: The Seeds of a Diverse Economy? This figure does not include vehicles of the armed forces, diplomatic missions and other localities's vehicles operating in Hanoi.[130]. [87] In the year 2013, Hanoi contributed 12.6% to GDP, exported 7.5% of total exports, contributed 17% to the national budget and attracted 22% investment capital of Vietnam. [47][48] In 42 AD, the Han emperor commissioned general Ma Yuan to suppress the uprising with 32,000 men, including 20,000 regulars and 12,000 regional auxiliaries. These were all, however, later repaired. Spencer, J.H. The city also has air and water pollution, difficult road conditions, traffic congestion, and a rudimentary public transit system. Because the city is so densely populated, traffic can be a nightmare. [102] Hanoi-based civic organizations use more systematic development and less of a direct intervention approach to deal with issues of rural development, poverty alleviation, and environmental protection. Local cuisine specialties as well as several clubs and bars can be found here also. This metropolitan area was created by decision 490/QD-TTg dated May 5, 2008 of the Prime Minister of Vietnam. Socially the project will be a benefit to the population in the project area. [95] The structure of employment has been changing rapidly as state-owned institutions downsize and private enterprises grow. Hanoi's 2023 population is now estimated at, Hanoi has grown by 186,033 in the last year, which represents a, These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the, there were approximately 7.68 million people. In recent decades, motorbikes have overtaken bicycles as the main form of transportation. [94], Over three-quarters of the jobs in Hanoi are state-owned. The Nhon-Hanoi Station metro lines completion date has been pushed back to 2027 now that the projects budget has increased by over VND1.9 trillion ($80.9 But this was nearly 60% less than its 2020-2021 On 6 January 1946, the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam designated Hanoi as the capital of the newly independent country, which would last during the First Indochina War (19461954) and the Vietnam War (19551975). The metro area population of Taibei in 2022 was 2,742,000, a 0.4% increase from 2021. President Barack Obama famously tried this dish at a Le Van Huu eatery with Anthony Bourdain in 2016, prompting the opening of a bn ch restaurant bearing his name in the Old Quarter. In 1978, National Assembly (Vietnam) decided to expand Hanoi for the second time to 2,136km2, with a population of 2.5million people. In 179 BC, the u Lc Kingdom was annexed by Nanyue, which ushered in more than a thousand years of Chinese domination. The highest peak is at Ba Vi with 1281m, located west of the city proper. Nowadays, the city is both a major metropolitan area of Northern Vietnam, and also the country's cultural and political centre, putting a lot of pressure on the infrastructure, some of which is antiquated and dates back to the early 20th century. This sense of looking to the future is felt most often in the larger cities within the country. [95] A 2006 census found that 5,600 rural produce vendors exist in Hanoi, with 90% of them coming from surrounding rural areas. [95] The plan's three main objectives were to create housing and a new commercial center in an area known as Ngha , expand residential and industrial areas in the Gia Lm District, and develop the three southern corridors linking Hanoi to H ng and the Thanh Tr District. The others are Hai B Trng Gymnasium, Trnh Hoi c Gymnasium, Vn Bo Sports Complex. Hanoi will be the core city of this metropolitan area. [11] The population living in urban areas is 3,962,310 people, accounting for 49.2% and in rural areas is 4,091,353 people, accounting for 50.8%. In 1831, the Nguyn emperor Minh Mng renamed it H Ni (, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior"). Pop. 'Inside of the rivers' [ha noj] (listen)), often just referred to as The Capital (Vietnamese: Th ), is the capital and second-largest city of Vietnam. 13.3% of jobs are in the private sector. Taxis are plentiful and usually have meters, although it is also common to agree on the trip price before taking a taxi from the airport to the city centre. Skyscrapers, appearing in new urban areas, have dramatically changed the cityscape and have formed a modern skyline outside the old city. The tourist destinations in Hanoi are generally grouped into two main areas: the Old Quarter and the French Quarter(s). WebUnited Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. [69] The average annual temperature is 23.6C (74F), with a mean relative humidity of more than 80%. [129] In Hanoi in December 1996, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam stated that: "To carry out industrialization and modernization successfully, it is necessary to develop education and training strongly [and to] maximize human resources, the key factor of fast and sustained development. [45][47] The rebellion was defeated in the next year as Ma Yuan captured and decapitated Trng Trc and Trng Nh, then sent their heads to the Han court in Luoyang. [116] With its tree-fringed boulevards, more than two dozen lakes and thousands of French colonial-era buildings, Hanoi is a popular tourist destination. The region around present-day Hanoi was settled in prehistoric times, and the location was often chosen as a political centre by Chinese conquerors. [31][32], In around third century BCE, An Dng Vng established the capital of u Lc north of present-day Hanoi, where a fortified citadel is constructed, known to history as C Loa,[33] the first political center of the Vietnamese civilization pre-Sinitic era,[34] with an outer embankment covering 600 hectares. This data is a pre-COVID projection from 2019 for Hanoi City, using data from city GPC inventories and Oxford Under his tenure there was a major construction boom.[110]. The city hosts more cultural sites than any other city in Vietnam,[103] and boasts more than 1,000 years of history; that of the past few hundred years has been well preserved.[104]. The pace of change has especially escalated after the abandonment of central-planning economic policies and relaxing of the district-based household registrar system.[86]. [95], Country-wide educational change is difficult in Vietnam, due to the restrictive control of the government on social and economic development strategies. In 1010, L Thi T, the first ruler of the L dynasty, moved the capital of i Vit to the site of the i La Citadel. South of Hon Kim's "French Quarter" has several French-Colonial landmarks, including the Hanoi Opera House, the Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi hotel, the National Museum of Vietnamese History (formerly the cole franaise d'Extrme-Orient), and the St. Joseph's Cathedral. Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstrae (2018) pp 112. The city was renamed Hanoi in 1831, and served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1945. Between 1971 and 1972, archaeologists in Ba V and ng Anh discovered pebbles with traces of carving and processing by human hands that are relics of Sn Vi Culture, dating from 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. city, 3,292,000. Tonkin Palace serves as State Guest House. [107], Imperior sites are mostly in Ba nh District and a bit of ng a District. Trains also depart Hanoi frequently for Hai Phong and other northern cities. [19] The city has also hosted numerous political and international events, including APEC Vietnam 2006, 132nd Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU-132), 2019 North KoreaUnited States Hanoi Summit, as well as 2009 Asian Indoor Games, and the Southeast Asian Games in 2003 and 2021. The political center of Vietnam, Ba nh has a high concentration of Vietnamese government headquarters, including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly Building, and several ministries and embassies, most of which used administrative buildings of colonial French Indochina. Cars however are probably the most notable change in the past five years as many Vietnamese people purchase the vehicles for the first time. [125] Dog eating used to be popular in Hanoi in 1990s and early 2000s but is now dying out quickly due to strong objections. 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