Romanian Catholics are present in Transylvania, Banat, Bukovina, Bucharest, and parts of Moldavia, belonging to both the Roman Catholic Church (297,246 members) and the Romanian Greek Catholic Church (124,563 members). 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. [160], According to a triple analysis autosomal, mitochondrial and paternal of available data from large-scale studies, the whole genome SNP data situates Romanians are most closely related to Bulgarians, Macedonians, followed by other European populations, which form a coherent cluster among worldwide populations. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKazhdan1991 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFWiewiorowski2008 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFZahariade2006 (, Stelian Brezeanu, O istorie a Bizanului, Editura Meronia, Bucureti, 2005, p.126, Aksum: an African civilisation of late antiquity By Stuart C. Munro-Hay Page 145, Alexandru Madgearu | Originea medieval a focarelor de conflict din Peninsula Balcanic, pp=52-53. 137-177. This population represents a decrease from 2011 as the country is currently undergoing negative migration and sub-replacement fertility rates. [67], Scythia Minor (c. 290 c. 680) was a Roman province corresponding to the lands between the Danube and the Black Sea, today's Dobruja divided between Romania and Bulgaria. The Moldovan language, in its official form, is practically identical to Romanian, although there are some differences in colloquial speech. Romanians Speak English as a Second Language English is widely spoken as a foreign language in Romania, with Approximately 15% of Romania's population claiming they can carry on a conversation in English. The third theory also known as the admigration theory, proposed by Dimitrie Onciul (18561923), posits that the formation of the Romanian people occurred in the former "Dacia Traiana" province, and in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula. Romanian is a Romance language, making it similar to Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian. 26 million Romanian speaking countries Moldova Romania Language family Indo-European > Italic > Romance > East Romance > Romanian Learn Romanian Online This site is designed as a starting point for people who want to learn more about the Romanian language. [63] It was reorganized as Dacia Ripensis (as a military province, devastated by an Avars invasion in 586) [64] and Dacia Mediterranea (as a civil province, devastated by an Avar invasion in 602). The owner of this site is using Wordfence to manage access to their site. Over the centuries, Romanias academic elite have imported a considerable degree of French vocabulary into the Romanian language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, 2.5% of ethnic Romanians in Romania identified themselves as Catholic (in comparison to 5% of Romania's total population, including other ethnic groups). [85], After the Avar Khaganate collapsed in the790s, the First Bulgarian Empire became the dominant power of the region, occupying lands as far as the river Tisa. Cambridge University Press. "Vlach" was an exonym used almost exclusively for the Romanians during the Middle Ages. How Many People Speak 1 Countries 1.1 Countries Turkey, Uzbekistan European Union, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Transnistria, Ukraine 1.2 Total No. The regulatory bodies of Romanian lie in Romanian speaking countries. [66] The territory of the diocese was devastated by the Huns in the middle of 5th century and finally overrun by the Avars and Slavs in late 6th and early 7th century. Romania passport is ranked 73 by Visa List Passport Index May 2023. Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research: Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova, Statute of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, "Countries in the world (ranked by 2014 population)", "Hotrre Nr. Here is a breakdown of all languages spoken in Romania, together with number of native speakers: In addition to Romanian, there are several minority languages spoken in modern-day Romania. The Moldovan accent, which comes from the eastern region of the country, is famous in Romania. [70] Roman fortifications mostly date to the Tetrarchy or the Constantinian dynasty. The vast majority of early texts are written in Cyrillic script, the Roman (Latin) alphabet having been officially adopted in 1859 at the time of the union of Walachia and Moldavia. Byzantine historians usually described foreign rulers as archontes. Romanian is the official language of Romania and it is spoken by the majority of the population. In these countries, people often speak the national language plus a local language. To give you an idea of what spoken Romanian sounds like, here are a few audio samples from a range of speakers. Comparison of Irish and Romanian speaking countries will give you the presence of Irish and Romanian languages in different countries. Until the 17th century, the official language of the liturgy was Old Church Slavonic. Young people in Romania are even more likely to speak English, as 99% of Romanian school pupils study English as a foreign language. King Burebista who reigned from 82/61 BC to 45/44 BC, was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area located between the Danube, Tisza, and Dniester rivers. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). George Constantinescu created the theory of sonics, while mathematician tefan Odobleja has been claimed as "the ideological father behind cybernetics" his work The Consonantist Psychology (Paris, 1938) was supposedly the main source of inspiration for N. Wiener's Cybernetics (Paris, 1948). [122] "Vlachia", "Great Vlachia", and the other variants began to fall out of use for Thessaly at the turn of the 14th century, and with the emergence of the Principality of Wallachia north of the Danube in the 14th century, from the 15th century the name was reserved for it. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Romanians can also be found in many countries, notably in the other EU countries, particularly in Italy, Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom and France; in North America in the United States and Canada; in Israel; as well as in Brazil, Australia, Argentina, and New Zealand among many other countries. Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82. The oldest printed texts are Evangheliarul slavo-romn (155152; The Slavo-Romanian Gospels) of Sibiu and the works of Deacon Coresi, beginning in 1559. First written: 1521. In fact, one survey ranked Romania 16th worldwide for levels of English proficiency in the country, placing it ahead of France, Italy, and Greece. A degree of overlap may exist or be shared between Romanian and other ethnic identities in certain situations, and census or survey respondents may elect to identify with one particular ancestry but not another, or instead identify with multiple ancestries; Counts and estimates may inconsistently distinguish between Romanian nationality and Romanian ethnicity (i.e. [93] The 11th-century scholar Kekaumenos wrote of a Vlach homeland situated "near the Danube and[]the Sava, where the Serbians lived more recently". [101] Anna Komnene reports that in 1094, on the occasion of the Cumans' campaign south of the Danube, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos was informed about the movements of the "Turanians", who had crossed the Danube by "a certain Pudilos, a Vlach noble". For example, according to a 2006 Eurobarometer poll, only 23% of Romanians attend church once a week or more. Along with Romanian speaking countries check out Romanian speaking population. Smaller percentages are Protestant, Jews, Muslims, agnostic, atheist, or practice a traditional religion. The first definite document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) is from the 8th century from the Konstamonitou monastery and talks about the Vlachs of the Rynchos river (present-day North Macedonia). During World War II, the Kingdom of Romania lost territory both to the east and west, as Northern Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary through the Second Vienna Award, while Bessarabia and northern Bukovina were taken by the Soviets and included in the Moldavian SSR, respectively Ukrainian SSR. There are also significant communities of Romanian language speakers in countries like Canada, United States, Germany, Israel, Australia, New Zealand, Italy and Spain. [133] Several other documents, notably from Italian travelers into Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, speak of the self-identification, language and culture of the Romanians, showing that they designated themselves as "Romans" or related to them in up to 30 works. Romanian is the official language in Romania and is spoken in 5 other countries as monther tongue by a part of the population. This page was last edited on 29 May 2023, at 02:07. United Arab Emirates. Its disputed to what degree the Romans succeeded at stamping out the Dacian language, and its unclear the degree to which the modern Romanian language retains any real Dacian influence. Four principal dialects may be distinguished: Dacoromanian, the basis of the standard language, spoken in Romania and Moldova in several regional variants; Aromanian (also called Macedoromanian), spoken in scattered communities in Greece, the Republic of North Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Serbia; Meglenoromanian, a nearly extinct di. [120] But, what about the other 28%? Romania passport is ranked 71 by Visa List Passport Index May 2023. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [135] Another one is Francesco della Valle's 1532 manuscripts that state that the Romanians from Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania preserved the name "Roman" and cites the sentence "Sti Rominest?" Nowadays, the term Vlach is more often used to refer to the Romanized populations of the Balkans who speak Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Istro-Romanian, and Megleno-Romanian. Romanian uses the Latin alphabet and has several dialects, including Moldavian and Transylvanian. [102][103][104], The Byzantine chronicler John Kinnamos, presenting the campaign of Manuel I Komnenos against Hungary in 1166, reports that General Leon Vatatzes had under his command "a great multitude of Vlachs, who are said to be ancient colonies of those in Italy", an army that attacked the Hungarian possessions "about the lands near the Pontus called the Euxine", respectively the southeastern regions of Transylvania, "destroyed everything without sparing and trampled everything it encountered in its passage". Hungarian is spoken by around 7% of the population, mainly in Transylvania. You can also explore more about all Oceania Languages which are spoken in Oceania Continent. 407, 414. ), tennis (Ilie Nstase, Ion iriac, Simona Halep), rowing (Ivan Patzaichin) and handball (four times men's World Cup winners). For example, it has some Slavic vocabulary. (2023 est.) An error range for the estimate is not provided. Of Countries Spanish Speakin.. [160][163] This theory is a compromise between the immigrationist and the continuity theories. Datos provisionales 2020", "Estadstica de residentes extranjeros en Espaa", Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration, "Auslnder in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland bis 2021", "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom by country of birth and sex, January 2020 to December 2020", "According to the Secretary of State Romanian, Florin Crciu: In France alone we have 500,000 Romanians, more than what the French State declares today", "Ci romni muncesc n strintate i unde sunt cei mai muli", "Anzahl der Auslnder in sterreich nach den zehn wichtigsten Staatsangehrigkeiten am 1. [91] John Skylitzes mentions the Vlachs around 976 AD, as guides and guards of Byzantine caravans in the Balkans. During the late Middle Ages, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as Bogdan of Moldavia, Stephen the Great, Mircea the Elder, Michael the Brave, or Vlad the Impaler took part actively in the history of Central Europe by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the Kingdom of Poland or the Kingdom of Hungary in these causes. - REAL-J, Gbor Almsi, Constructing the Wallach "Other" in the Late Renaissance in Balzs Trencsny, Mrton Zszkaliczky (edts), Whose Love of Which Country, Brill, Leiden, Boston 2010, p.127, Johannes Lucii, De Regno Dalmatiae et Croatiae, Amsteldaemi, 1666, pag. [143] Raymond Detrez asserts that romn, derived from the Latin Romanus, acquired at a certain point the same meaning of the Greek Romaios; that of Orthodox Christian. (c. 845 c. 907) waged wars against three dukesGlad, Menumorut and the Vlach Geloufor Banat, Criana and Transylvania. Thus the census definition of "Romanian" might variously mean Romanian-born, of Romanian parentage, or also include other ethnic identities as Romanian which otherwise are identified separately in other contexts. [159] Numbering about 500 people still living in the original villages of Istria while the majority left for other countries after World War II (mainly to Italy, United States, Canada, Spain, Germany, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, and Australia), they speak the Istro-Romanian language, the closest living relative of Romanian. The Vlachs killed David in their first documented battle. For example, Onoriu Colcel considers that the terms "Romania" and "Romanian" would only have appeared during the 19th century. V. Mrcule, The Vlachs in the military actions during the Comnen, in Revista de Istorie Militar, 2(60), 2000, p. 46-47 (hereinafter: The Vlachs during the Comnen). 61 (, This page was last edited on 29 October 2022, at 17:54. In the history of aviation, Traian Vuia and Aurel Vlaicu built and tested some of the earliest aircraft designs, while Henri Coand discovered the Coand effect of fluidics. Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.) While this clip is a bit exaggerated for comedic effect, its a good representation of a rural Transylvanian accent. There are approximately 24 million native Romanian speakers in the world, and around 17 million of them live in Romania. Most Romanians live in Romania, where they constitute a majority; Romanians also constitute a minority in the countries that neighbour Romania. [155] However, the actual rate of church attendance is significantly lower and many Romanians are only nominally believers. In addition to its Slavic quirks, Romanian also has subtle influences from Dacian (the language spoken in the region before it was conquered by the Romans), Greek, and Turkish. In 1916, Romania joined the war on the side of the Triple Entente. The first known Dacoromanian text is a private letter of Walachian origin dated 1521, though some manuscript translations of religious texts show Transylvanian dialect features and may be earlier. (1971) - In: Revue des tudes sud-est europennes vol. The name Romanian is derived from Latin romanus, meaning "Roman". [160][161][162] However, the Balkan Vlachs' northward migration ensured that these centers remained in close contact for centuries. The language spoken by minority of the population of a territory is called minority language. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). https://www.britannica.com/topic/Romanian-language, University of Iowa Pressbooks - The Romanian Language, Brigham Young University - College of Humanities - The History of the Romanian Language. Romania is a country with a population of around 20 million people. [114][115], The late 13th-century Hungarian chronicler Simon of Kza states that the Vlachs were "shepherds and husbandmen" who "remained in Pannonia". Romanian children rank as being among the top 10% globally for studying this subject! Rizos, Efthymios (2018). 284, "On the Significance of Certain Names: Romanian/Wallachian and Romania/Wallachia", https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004250765_003, Pre-National Identities in the Balkans in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans, "ivot u sjeni konstitutivnih naroda Rumunji u BiH", "IRES: Aproape 9 din 10 romni se consider religioi, dar doar 10% in post", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century", "Populaia stabil dup religie judee, municipii, orae, comune", "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data", "Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings", "A Quantitative Comparison of the Similarity between Genes and Geography in Worldwide Human Populations", "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a", "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe", "Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12", "Genetic affinities among the historical provinces of Romania and Central Europe as revealed by an mtDNA analysis", The Romanian nation in the beginning of the 20th century, Romanian-language schools in Transnistria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanians&oldid=1157502942, Ethnic groups divided by international borders, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles lacking reliable references from April 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1,206,938 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups. In Romanian speaking countries, various Romanian Dialects are spoken. Romania is located between Bulgaria, Serbia on one side and Ukraine/many Slavic countries on the other. The function received by Nikulitsa might have been as a commander of a Vlach army. The vast majority of Romanians speak Romanian as their native language. Romanias unique geographical and political history have caused the Romanian language to evolve in surprising ways and it has taken on a novel character of its own. Trilingual (Romanian-Hungarian-German) signage. One, known as the Daco-Roman continuity theory, posits that they are descendants of Romans and Romanized indigenous peoples (Dacians) living in the Roman Province of Dacia, while the other posits that the Romanians are descendants of Romans and Romanized indigenous populations of the former Roman provinces of Illyricum, Moesia, Thracia, and Macedonia, and the ancestors of Romanians later migrated from these Roman provinces south of the Danube into the area which they inhabit today. That year, the governor of Servia, Nikulitsa received the position of leader (archon) of the Vlachs from Hellas from Emperor Basil II. Arabic (official), English . An older form of romn was still in use in some regions. Romanian is spoken by 91% of the country's population. [139] From the Middle Ages, Romanians bore two names, the exonym (one given to them by foreigners) Wallachians or Vlachs, under its various forms (vlah, valah, valach, voloh, blac, olh, vlas, ilac, ulah, etc. Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1999),p. 44. List of Romanian-speaking countries and territories in plain text you can copy and paste: Hertza region Moldova Romania Tarasivtsi Transnistria Vojvodina Places List of Former countries in Ireland List of Turkish-speaking countries and territories If you travel to Romania without knowing Romanian, you can certainly get around on English. Emails in Romanian: Most Popular Greetings and Endings. Almost 90% of all Romanians consider themselves religious. Moldovan, the national language of Moldova, is a form of Dacoromanian. Magoulias, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984, p.238-371. Romania is part of Eastern Europe, Europe with main city at Bucharest. [127] During the modern era, most neologisms were borrowed from French and Italian, though the language has increasingly begun to adopt English borrowings. [70] According to the Laterculus Veronensis of c.314 and the Notitia Dignitatum of c.400, Scythia belonged to the Diocese of Thrace. You will then receive an email that helps you regain access. not all Romanian nationals identify with Romanian ethnicity, and vice versa); The measurements and methodologies employed by governments to enumerate and describe the ethnicity and ancestry of their citizens vary from country to country. Verbs have a shortened infinitive (e.g., a cnta from Latin cantare to sing), and the future tense is formed by a compound of the verb a vrea to wish plus the infinitive of the verbvoi cnta I will sing; an alternative method of future formation is to use the auxiliary verb a avea to have plus s plus the subjunctive of the verbam s cnt I will sing.. Updates? [116][117] An unknown author's Description of Eastern Europe from 1308 likewise states that the Vlachs "were once the shepherds of the Romans" who "had over them ten powerful kings in the entire Messia and Pannonia".[118][119]. [130] The 24.15 million, however, represent only speakers of Romanian, not all of whom are necessarily ethnic Romanians. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Editor i traductor: B. [99][94][100], The princess and chronicler Anna Komnene reports that in April 1091, on the eve of the decisive Byzantine-Pecheneg Battle of Levounion, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1057-1118) was assisted by "a number of 5,000 brave mountaineers and ready to attack, passed by his side, to fight alongside him". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). Its Developed country with a population of 20M. A Vlach muleteer accompanying the Byzantine army noticed that the load was falling from one of the animals and shouted to a companion Torna, torna, fratre! (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CITaY8KV8C4), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwMgPug0Fd8, Moldovenii Maria, planuri de viitor: "Noi de ce stam aici in sat cu alcolistii astia ai nostri?" For example, both Romanians and Italians use ciao as a greeting, and its pronounced the same way in both languages. Notably, in the East (Moldova), Romanians speak with a good deal of Slavic twang, and tend to use a slightly more Slavicized vocabulary. The rest are former French colonies in Africa and in the islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. In one interpretation of the 1989 census results in Moldova, the majority of Moldovans were counted as ethnic Romanians in this country as well. - WorldAtlas What Language Do They Speak In Romania? Romanian is quite close to all of the Romance languages, but it is most similar to French and Italian. [89][90], A series of Byzantine historians, such as George Kedrenos (circa 1000), Kekaumenos (circa 1000), John Skylitzes (early 1040s after 1101), Anna Komnene (1083-1153), John Kinnamos (1143-1185) and Niketas Choniates (1155-1217) were some of the first to write about the Vlachs. Dacoromanian is fairly homogeneous but shows greater dialectal diversity in the Transylvanian Alps, from which region the language may have spread to the plains. However, Moldavia and Wallachia (extending to Dobruja and Bulgaria) were not entirely subdued by the Ottomans as both principalities became autonomous (which was not the case of other Ottoman territorial possessions in Europe). Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. Its Developed country with a population of 20M. Most of the specialists who have addressed these aspects have identified those " bold mountaineers ", with the 'Vlachs. Romanian (obsolete spellings: Rumanian or Roumanian; autonym: limba romn [limba romn] (), or romnete, lit. Which makes the United States home to the largest Romanian community outside Romania. Literature in Romanian began to flourish in the 19th century, when the emerging nation turned toward other Romance countries, especially France, for cultural inspiration. Romanian is second language of Kazakhstan, Russia. Broadly, Romanian and Italian are pronounced and written in nearly the same way. By the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire was awarded by the Ottomans with the region of Bukovina and, in 1812, the Russians occupied the eastern half of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia through the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812.[125]. Socio-linguistic evolutions in the late 18th century led to a gradual preponderance of the romn spelling form, which was then generalised during the National awakening of Romania of early 19th century. Although the relatively newly founded Kingdom of Romania initially allied with Austria-Hungary, Romania refused to enter World War I on the side of the Central Powers, because it was obliged to wage war only if Austria-Hungary was attacked. There are additional similarities, as well. Wallachia, the Southern region of Romania, takes its name from the same source. Krist, Gyula (2003). [59][60] Romanians also form an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, Southeastern, and Eastern Europe, most notably in Hungary, Serbia (including Timok), and Ukraine. George Brancusi, Emil Cioran, George Enescu, and many other Romanian greats made their careers in France. Of the five Romance languages, Romanian is the least widely-spoken. Romania passport countries include Malta, South Sudan, Ghana and Uganda. [157], Romano-Gothic Densu Church, Hunedoara, Transylvania, Romano-Gothic Strei Church, Hunedoara, Transylvania, St. Nicholas Church, Braov, Transylvania, Nativity of St. John the Baptist Church, Piatra Neam, Moldavia. The contemporary total population of ethnic Romanians cannot be stated with any degree of certainty. [68][69] The capital of the province was Tomis (today Constana). Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, English translation: Elisabeth Dawes, London, 1928: Annals of Niketas Choniates, Translated by H.J. Failing in his attempt, the Byzantine prince sought refuge in Halych but Andronikos I Komnenos was "captured by the Vlachs, to whom the rumor of his escape had reached, he was taken back to the emperor". Some of the interesting facts of Romanian: The Romanian language is derived from Latin and is closely related to French, Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese and Italian Languages.. French, Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese and Italian Languages. Comparing Russian vs Romanian countries gives you idea about number of countries. 1 Rank: 14 (Overall) 6 Rank: 9 (Overall) Bhojpuri Speaking Countries 4 (Russian Speak..) ADD 1.3 National Language Nigeria Moldova, Romania 1.4 Second Language Not spoken in any of the countries Kazakhstan, Russia In 2004, Traian Bsescu, the PNL-PD candidate of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), was elected president. While the Meglenoromanian (Meglenitic) and Istroromanian dialects are both nearly extinct, Aromanian is more vigorous. Romanian is the official language of Moldova and many Moldovans consider themselves ethnically Romanian. Romania 94.49% Spain 2.78% Cyprus 2.2% Hungary 0.99% Germany 0.6% Greece 0.5% Portugal 0.46% Bulgaria 0.46% Besides the separation of some groups (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians) during the Age of Migration, many Vlachs could be found all over the Balkans, in Transylvania,[73] across Carpathian Mountains[74] as far north as Poland and as far west as the regions of Moravia (part of the modern Czech Republic), some went as far east as Volhynia of western Ukraine, and the present-day Croatia where the Morlachs gradually disappeared, while the Catholic and Orthodox Vlachs took Croat and Serb national identity. [145], To distinguish Romanians from the other Romanic peoples of the Balkans (Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, and Istro-Romanians), the term Daco-Romanian is sometimes used to refer to those who speak the standard Romanian language and live in the former territory of ancient Dacia (today comprising mostly Romania and Moldova) and its surroundings (such as Dobruja or the Timok Valley, the latter region part of the former Roman province of Dacia Ripensis).[146][147]. This clip is a good representation of the colloquial accents you might hear in Bucharest, the countrys capital. [166][167] Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries. [134] One example is Tranquillo Andronico's 1534 writing that states that the Vlachs "now call themselves Romans". 8b/2013 i 41b/2013)", http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=311656&lang=1, http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=313004&lang=1, "Statutul Provinciei Autonome Voivodina - Skuptina Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine", http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1958R0001:20070101:EN:PDF, " . Number of speakers: c. 24-26 million. In Republika Srpska, one of the two entities constituting Bosnia and Herzegovina together with the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Romanians are legally recognized as an ethnic minority.[151]. Of Countries Spanish Speakin.. 6 Rank: 9 (Overall) 6 Rank: 9 (Overall) Bhojpuri Speaking Countries Les "Blachoi" de Kinnamos et Choniats et la prsence militaire byzantine au nord du Danube sous les Comnnes. Second Language is a non-native language of the speaker, but used in the locality of that person. Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). The Romance-speaking world, [1] [2] Romanophone world, [3] [4] [5] [6] Neolatin world, [7] or Latin-speaking world, [8] is the part of the world where Romance languages (those evolved from Latin) are either official, co-official, or significantly used, comprising Latin Europe and Latin America, as well as parts of North America and Romance-speak. The paper also mentions how "signals of Asian maternal lineages were observed in all Romanian historical provinces, indicating gene flow along the migration routes through East Asia and Europe, during different time periods, namely, the Upper Paleolithic period and/or, with a likely greater preponderance, the Middle Ages", at low frequency (2.24%). Phonetically, Romanian is highly similar to Italian and the two languages have very similar pronunciation. [141] According to Vladimr Baar and Daniel Jakubek, typically pro-Russian authors in Moldova tend to argue that "Romanian" as an ethnonym is only a mere recent product from Romanian nationalist historical myths despite the attestation of this name in old documents. Romanian language, also spelled (formerly) Rumanian, Romanian limba romn, Romance language spoken primarily in Romania and Moldova. The official language is Romanian, and it is spoken by approximately 89% of the 23m population. Nonetheless, in 1859, Moldavia and Wallachia elected the same ruler, namely Alexander John Cuza (who reigned as Domnitor) and were thus unified de facto, resulting in the United Romanian Principalities for the period between 1859 and 1881. [65] The Diocese of Dacia was composed of five provinces, the northernmost provinces were Dacia Ripensis (the Danubian portion of Dacia Aureliana, one of the cities of Dacia Ripensis in today Romania is Sucidava) and Moesia Prima (today in Serbia, near the border between Romania and Serbia). In Romanian countries, all the official documents are written in Romanian language. Home Most Difficult Languages- Abkhaz Filipino Galician Easiest Languages to Learn+ Tibetan Maori Chewa Most Spoken Languages+ Basque Welsh 12% of the Romanians belong to Haplogroup R1b, the Alpino-Italic branch of R1b is at 2% a lower frequency recorded than other Balkan peoples. The Romanians (Romanian: romni, pronounced[romn]; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking[54][55][56][57] ethnic group. In fact, nearly 72% of native Romanian speakers are currently living in Romania. The bodies that regulate standard languages are usually called language academies. [77] According to the early 13th century medieval Hungarian book Gesta Hungarorum the invading Magyars of King rpd Szukits Knyvkiad. v.1: "Mysl.1987. Romanian is the only Eastern Romance language and most words in Romanian vocabulary (about 75 percent) are of Latin origin. 8 mins read Romania is a country of around 25 million people. Romania citizens can visit 7 German speaking countries. After the Roman Catholic-Eastern Orthodox Schism of 1054, there existed a Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania for a short period of time, from 1228 to 1241. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Countries with Romanian as minority language are also included in Romanian speaking countries. Many world languages have one or more language regulators. ), and the endonym (the name they used for themselves) Romanians (Rumni/Romni). In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). [175], Painting of Transylvanian Romanian peasants from Abrud by Ion Theodorescu-Sion, Romanian family going to a fair, early 19th century, Traditional Romanian peasant costumes to the left, followed from left to right by Hungarian, Slavic, and German ones, Romanians from Transylvania, late 19th century, Romanian peasant costume from Bukovina, early 20th century, Romanians from Bukovina, early 20th century postcard, Romanians from Wallachia, early 19th century, Romanians from central Serbia, late 19th century, Romanian infantrymen from Wallachia, early 19th century, Romanian immigrants in New York City, late 19th century, Painting of a young Wallachian shepherd in the early 20th century by Ipolit Strmbu, Romanian peasants during the harvest season (1920), Mid-19th century French map depicting Romanians in Central and Eastern Europe, Modern distribution of the Eastern Romance-speaking ethnic groups (including, most notably, the Romanians), Romanians in Central Europe (coloured in blue), 1880, Ethnic map of Austria-Hungary and Romania, 1892, British map depicting territories inhabited by Eastern Romance peoples before the outbreak of World War I, Romanian speakers in Central and Eastern Europe, early 20th century, Map of the Kingdom of Romania at its greatest extent (19201940), Geographic distribution of ethnic Romanians in the early 21st century, Notable regions with inhabited by Eastern Romance speakers at the beginning of the 21st century, Map highlighting the three main sub-groups of Daco-Romanians, Geographic distribution of Romanians in Romania (coloured in purple) at commune level (2011 census), Geographic distribution of Romanian in Romania (coloured in purple) at county level (2011 census). Mutual intelligibility between the major dialects is difficult; the Meglenoromanian, Istroromanian, and Aromanian are sometimes classed as languages distinct from Romanian proper, or Dacoromanian, which has many slightly varying dialects of its own. Iliescu remained in power as head of state until 1996, when he was defeated by CDR-supported Emil Constantinescu in the 1996 general elections, the first in post-communist Romania that saw a peaceful transition of power. This frequent contact between Romanias educated elite and the French-speaking world has resulted in a slew of French words making their way into the Romanian language. [165], According to a Y-chromosome analysis of 335 sampled Romanians, 15% of them belong to R1a. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Author of, Director, Institute of Linguistics, Bucharest, Romania. It is a Romance language with trilled rs and Latin vocabulary. (. Writing system: Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. Its important to note, however, that Romanian pronunciation is very diverse. Of Romanias 19 million inhabitants, approximately 17.2 million are native Romanian speakers, or 90.65% of the population. Italian Latvian Lithuanian Maltese Polish Portuguese Romanian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish A Quick History of European Languages Europe is home to 24 official languages, while as many as 200 languages are spoken across the continent. ara noastr a pierdut peste un milion de locuitori fa de acum 10 ani", International Boundary Study Hungary Romania (Rumania) Boundary, "The Slavonian Census of 1698. In the context of the 1848 Romanticist and liberal revolutions across Europe, the events that took place in the Grand Principality of Transylvania were the first of their kind to unfold in the Romanian-speaking territories. The Romanian countries mentioned under Romanian Speaking countries are the countries where majority of people speak Romanian language. Romania is located in eastern Europe and has a population of around 19.5 million. Lazr Edeleanu was the first chemist to synthesize amphetamine and also invented the modern method of refining crude oil. Following Romanias addition to the European Union in 2007, many Romanians left abroad for countries like Germany, Spain, and Italy. If you are a WordPress user with administrative privileges on this site, please enter your email address in the box below and click "Send". The standard language of Romania is based on a Walachian variety of Dacoromanian, the majority group of dialects; it was developed in the 17th century mainly by religious writers of the Orthodox church and includes features from a number of dialects, though Bucharest usage provides the current model. I want to provide you with a glimpse of the Europe you aren't likely to see plastered across Instagram--the Europe of quiet, charming, and rapidly shrinking villages, of authentic and unknown cultures, of mountain people and storytellers, and of once-great communist paradises. Early rulers from the Asen dynasty (particularly Kaloyan) referred to themselves as "Emperors of Bulgarians and Vlachs". Romanian is one of the important languages. 671,9851,079,726 (2022) Romanian citizens of all ethnic groups. [156] A 2006 poll conducted by the Open Society Foundations found that only 33% of Romanians attended church once a month or more. Romanian is a Romance language and is similar to other Romance languages such as Italian, French, and Spanish. If you take a look at a map of Europe, youll notice that Romania is geographically isolated from other Latin countries, and most of its neighbors speak Slavic languages. The eastern territory losses were facilitated by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact. They traded and transported salt throughout the Bulgar Empire. On the other hand, the Wallachian revolutions of 1821 and 1848 as well as the Moldavian Revolution of 1848, which aimed for independence from Ottoman and Russian foreign rulership, represented important impacts in the process of spreading the liberal ideology in the eastern and southern Romanian lands, in spite of the fact that all three eventually failed. Most of these people speak Romanian, a language which despite being a member of the Romance language family, is strongly influenced by both Hungarian and the Slavic languages close to Romania's borders. 4954, Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The following 13 pages are in this category, out of 13 total. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Five years later, Bsescu (solely supported by the PDL this time) was narrowly re-elected for a second term in the 2009 presidential elections. Other old documents, especially Byzantine or Hungarian ones, make a correlation between the old Romanians as Romans or their descendants. In the meantime, Romania's major foreign policy achievements were the alignment with Western Europe and the United States by joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) back in 2004 and the European Union three years later, in 2007. Romanian at a glance. As a result, at the end of the war, Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina were awarded to Romania, through a series of international peace treaties, resulting in an enlarged and far more powerful kingdom under King Ferdinand I. ISBN 963-9441-87-2. Explorai cunotinele despre limba romn n Europa. In sports, Romanians have excelled in a variety of fields, such as football (Gheorghe Hagi), gymnastics (Nadia Comneci, Lavinia Miloovici etc. European Union, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Transnistria, Ukraine, Academia de tiine a Moldovei, Institutul de Lingvistic al Academiei Romne (Institute for Li. [122][123] White Wallachia, a Byzantine denomination for the region between the Danube River and the Balkans; Moravian Wallachia, a region in south-eastern Czech Republic). Three theories account for the ethnogenesis of the Romanian people. It should come as no surprise that the vast majority of native Romanian speakers live in Romania. 9 (1971) p. 585-593. French is a major second language in Arabic-speaking Algeria, Tunis, and Morocco. In Romanian countries, all the official documents are written in Romanian language. Official organizations that regulate Romanian language are Romanian regulators. Nouns in Romanian have two cases, direct (nominative-objective) and oblique (possessive-dative), and have separate singular and plural forms for the noun standing alone and the noun with the definite article suffixed. The precise origins of the Romanian language are hotly disputed by Romanian scholars. In the West, on the other hand, the language has a slower cadence and clearer pronunciation. "Scythia Minor". Human Y-chromosomal variation in European populations (PhD Thesis). This makes it different from the other Romance languages, which are largely isolated from any Slavic influence. [167], A 2017 paper concentrated on the Mitochondrial DNA of Romanians, showed how Romania has been "a major crossroads between Asia and Europe" and thus "experienced continuous migration and invasion episodes"; while stating that previous studies show Romanians "exhibit genetic similarity with other Europeans". In the de facto independent (but internationally unrecognised) region of Transnistria, the official script used to write Moldovan is Cyrillic. [173] The eastern branches of R1b represent 7%, they prevail in parts of Eastern and Central Europe as a result of Ancient Greek colonisation in parts of Sicily as well. * = Subgroups of officially recognized ethnicities that are not treated by the Romanian authorities as separate minorities. Each Romanian dialect has it's own pronunciations and words, as a result of these differences, sometimes communication problems arise between speakers from different Romanian speaking countries. Many words in Romanian are borrowed from other Romance languagesparticularly Frenchand Romanian pronunciation is quite similar to Italian. Romanian language is taught in 328 schools in the Spanish communities of: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile and Len, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre and Valencia. Romanians, and young Romanians in particular, are some of the best non-native English speakers in the world. Several inhibiting factors (not unique to this particular case) contribute towards this uncertainty, which may include: For example, the decennial US Census of 2000 calculated (based on a statistical sampling of household data) that there were 367,310 respondents indicating Romanian ancestry (roughly 0.1% of the total population).[149]. More recently, filmmakers such as Cristi Puiu and Cristian Mungiu have attracted international acclaim, as has fashion designer Ioana Ciolacu. Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. Source: Rita J. Markel, The Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 17, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHind1984 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones1988 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJankovi2004 (. Interestingly, Romanian can also be heard being spoken in isolated villages in regions of Ukraine, Serbia, and Hungary. It has been argued by some Romanian researchers that "Ramunc" was not the name of the duke, but a name that highlighted his ethnicity. At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. This short-lived period was marked, at times, by political instabilities and efforts of maintaining a constitutional monarchy in favour of other, totalitarian regimes such as an absolute monarchy or a military dictatorship. Romanian speaking countries include both countries with Romanian national language and Romanian as a second language. ( c. 845 c. 907 ) waged wars against three dukesGlad, Menumorut and the continuity theories Edeleanu the... 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