Weight: Kg, BMI: Kg/m2, round bellied size: Cm, Round hip size: Cm, ALT: U/L, AST: U/L, ALK-P: U/L, TC: mg/dl, HDL: mg/dl, LDL: mg/dl, TG: mg/dl, TSH: mIU/L, FT4: mIU/L, FBS: md/dl, Uric Acid: mg/dl, VitD3: ng/ml, Insulin: mIU/L, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy, The Guest Edited Thematic Issues are published free of charge, Average publication time is 18 days between the final acceptance of revised manuscript and its publication, (Indiana University School of Nursing, USA), (Centre Antipoison-Centre de Pharmacovigilance, France), (St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, USA), (Indiana University School of Medicine, USA), (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands), (Instituto de Agroquimica y Tecnologia de Alimentos, Spain), (University of Trs-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal), (Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong), Fabricating and Stating False Information, Post Publication Discussions and Corrections, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode, https://www.dropbox.com/home/4.%20Sodium %20Valproate. In this study, serum levels of TSH and free T4 in all patients before and after treatment were examined to evaluate the effects of sodium valproate on thyroid hormones. No animals were used in the studies that are the basis of this research. Bentham Open welcomes institutions and organizations from the world over to join as Institutional Member and avail a host of benefits for their researchers. PLoS One 2014; 9(7): e103856. Katzung BG, Masters SB, Basic AJT. Anticonvulsant drugs have been shown to alter the serum concentration of lipid by acting on liver microsomal enzymes [24]. Pack A. However, another study reported that obese patients with epilepsy treated with sodium valproate were at higher risk for metabolic syndrome than controls [13]. Bentham Open provides researchers a platform to rapidly publish their research in a good-quality peer-reviewed journal. Due to the normal serum level of insulin, uric acid, and lipids, it seems that the role of sodium valproate in children's weight gain is more a result of increased appetite than metabolic and hormonal changes. Ghofrani M, Tonekaboni SH, Aminizadeh V, Javadzadeh M, Abadi F. Sodium Valproate and phenobarbital: Weight complication of treatment in epileptic children. All the humans used were in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee responsible for human experimentation (institutional and national), and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. The authors would like to thank the vice chancellor for research at the Iran University of Medical Sciences. Due to the significant increase in ALT enzyme seen in this study, it is recommended that liver tests should be conducted before and one and six months after starting treatment as they can prevent the irreversible permanent side effects of the drug. These showed no significant difference between girls and boys (P> 0.05). Corman CL, Leung NM, Guberman AH. The articles are high standard and cover a wide area. ", "Open access journals are freely available online throughout the world, for you to read, download, copy, distribute, and use. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 1997; 24(3): 240-4. Based on the results obtained, no significant difference was observed between the means of paraclinical data in girls and boys, both before and after taking sodium valproate (P> 0.05). In our study, serum lipids, liver enzymes, thyroid hormones, fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid level, 25 OH vitamin D3 (Vit-D3), and blood insulin levels were measured and analyzed before and 6 months after treatment with sodium valproate to evaluate the effects or side effects of this drug in children. Egger et al. UPSI was later upgraded to a full university institution on 1 May, 1997, an upgrade from their previous college status. Data were analyzed in IBM, SPSS, Statistics v22.0 using descriptive statistics, frequency tables, and scatter indices, such as mean and standard deviation (SD). Based on our findings, it is not recommended to evaluate the serum concentration of lipids, thyroid hormones, FBS, serum insulin, and serum uric acid in patients treated with sodium valproate. The authors concluded that by comparing the results of this study with previous studies, there is clear heterogeneity in the results, but in general, it is not recommended to evaluate the concentration of serum lipids routinely in all of the people treated with anticonvulsants, such as sodium valproate. It is known as one of the oldest universities in Malaysia. revealed that sodium valproate has no effect on serum uric acid levels in children [29]. Bentham Open provides researchers a platform to rapidly publish their research in a good-quality peer-reviewed journal. The Open Neurology Journal is an Open Access online journal, which publishes research articles, reviews, letters, case reports and guest-edited single topic issues in all areas of neurology and neurological disorders. Exclusion criteria included underlying conditions, such as chronic hepatic, heart, renal, and metabolic diseases, diabetes, chromosomal disease, obesity, FTT, congenital anomalies, progressive neurological disease, gastrointestinal diseases, coagulation disorders, and developmental delay. Yaghini O, Nasiri J, Nasr Isfahani P. Study of sodium valproates side effects in 2 to 15-year-old children with epilepsy or migraine disorders. Epilepsy & behavior 2006; 8(3): 643-8. Gerstner T, Bauer MO, Longin E, Bell N, Koenig SA. Effects of treatment on endocrine function in patients with epilepsy. Antiepileptic drug interactions - principles and clinical implications. Verrotti A, la Torre R, Trotta D, Mohn A, Chiarelli F. Valproate-induced insulin resistance and obesity in children. The thesis was approved by the medical ethics committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Approval no. ", "Publishing research articles is the key for future scientific progress. The partnership provides the opportunity to the researchers, from the university, to publish their research under an Open Access license with specified fee concessions. Bentham Open publishes a number of peer-reviewed, open access journals. Demographic characteristics (age and gender), anthropometric features (height, weight, and circumference of waist and hip), as well as clinical characteristics, such as liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALK-P), lipids profile (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL.C), thyroid tests (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid, 25 OH vitamin D3 (Vit-D3), and blood insulin level, were evaluated in two turns, before the beginning of sodium valproate and after 6 months of treatment, in each child. Novak GP, Maytal J, Alshansky A, Eviatar L, Sy-Kho R, Siddique Q. [28], conducted in India, thyroid hormone levels in 43 epileptic patients were compared with controls and it was reported that the concentration of T4, T3, and FT3 was significantly lower and the concentration of TSH and FT4 was significantly higher than the control group. [15] reported 53.1% weight gain in children, and Yaghini et al. In a study by Thomas et al. ", "Open Access 'Chemistry' Journals allow the dissemination of knowledge at your finger tips without paying for the scientific content. Pylvanen V, Pakarinen A, Knip M, Isojarvi J. Insulin-related metabolic changes during treatment with valproate in patients with epilepsy. There was no significant difference between boys and girls (P = 0.88) (Fig. Biton V, Mirza W, Montouris G, Vuong A, Hammer AE, Barrett PS. The consent for publication of personal detailed data was obtained from parents. Open access journals offer a good alternative for free access to good quality scientific information. ", "The widest possible diffusion of information is critical for the advancement of science. Weight change associated with valproate and lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy. The mean value of hepatic enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been increased meaningfully after consuming sodium valproate (P = 0.04), i.e., from 15.65.69 to 20.37.24. Porto University create scientific, cultural and artistic knowledge, higher education training strongly anchored in research, the social and economic valorization of knowledge and active participation in the progress of the communities in which it operates. According to the results of this study, in general, sodium valproate does not affect the level of thyroid hormones in children. Serum concentrations of specific lipids and lipoproteins in young adults are serious risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease during life. J Child Neurol 1999; 14(8): 490-5. Due to the high prevalence of epilepsy and the use of sodium valproate as an antiepileptic drug by these patients, accurate recognition of its side effects and its effects on serum lipids profile, liver enzymes, uric acid level, and thyroid function tests, especially in cases that need long-term treatment seems essential. Pediatr Neurol 2000; 23(2): 142-6. Sodium valproate has a half-life of around 8-19 hours and is quickly metabolized in the body [3]. Many drugs can alter the content of T3, T4, and TSH, including anticonvulsants, such as phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate. Recently, 38% of patients treated with sodium valproate experienced weight gain of more than 10% of their body weight, which was 8% higher than patients treated with lamotrigine [9]. They are an outstanding source of medical and scientific information. The results showed a weight gain following the consumption of sodium valproate in all children (100%). In addition to weight gain, a significant increase was observed in the size of the abdominal and hips circumference of children after taking this drug. Therefore, it is vital to monitor the serum concentration of lipids and liver tests to prevent liver complications and adjust the dose of the drug during treatment. Based on our knowledge, this study is the second one, indicating that sodium valproate has no effect on serum uric acid levels in children. Also, it showed that the concentration of thyroid hormone was low in patients with epilepsy treated with carbamazepine or diphenylhydantoin, with lower prevalence among patients treated with sodium valproate and phenobarbital. There was no correlation between the increase in mean weight, as well as the size of waist and hip circumference of children, and gender (P> 0.05). In all patients, sodium valproate was started at a dose of 10 mg/Kg and increased to 20 mg/Kg within two weeks and the serum level of this drug was checked after one month of consumption which was 50-100mcg/ml. Obesity or an increase in adipose tissue is defined using the body mass index (BMI), where the body weight (kg) is divided by the square of the body height (m). The mean weight of children before and 6 months after taking sodium valproate was 18.542.99 and 21.133.93, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.005). [19] reported 40% weight gain in children following the consumption of sodium valproate. Due to the significant increase in ALT enzyme reported in this study, it is recommended that liver tests should be examined before and one and six months after starting treatment as they can prevent the irreversible permanent side effects of the drug. Moreover, sodium valproate did not affect other liver function markers (AST), thyroid hormones (TSH, T4), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid level, 25 OH Vit-D3, and the children's blood insulin levels (P> 0.05).

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