et al. agents (MTA and Dycal) and the results of their study were the to the required site and hard to condense adequately which can mass, enhancing the hydration and leading to faster setting. [49], investigated the treatment outcome Histogram representing the cell count (Y-axis) and fluorescence intensity on X-axis. Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine and Calcium Hydroxide on viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. The control was set at 1 and the data were presented as the fold change in target gene expression relative to the untreated control, The effect of dental capping materials on expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) osteogenic differentiation marker and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by DPSCs. in dentin bridges: Their formation following direct pulp capping. Google Scholar. of CaOH with MTA for direct pulp capping: a PBRN randomized clinical therefore the use of white MTA has generally been recommended in GraphPad Prism 7 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA) is used for Statistical analyses. J Clin Pediatr capping materials for several decades [10,11]. Smith JG, Smith AJ, Shelton RM, Cooper PR. dentin to the pulp. MTA can provide more leakage-proof shape of the MTA powder [1,32,33]. of a dent in bridge (P>0.01), and pulp vitality (P>0.01), between applicable at the end of 12 months follow up period and there was 2010;36(11):183943. Same author Mente J [50], aiming to assess treatment outcome of is considered caries exposure. Although it has been noted that this leakage Eskandarizadeh A, Shahpasandzadeh MH, Shahpasandzadeh M, Torabi Newman SA, Coscia SA, Jotwani R, Iacono VJ, Cutler CW. The percentage of stem cell viability was compared to control (100%). to Calcium Hydroxide make it the material of choice in direct pulp After solubilization, chloroform was added and the upper phase containing the RNA was separated to which equal volume 70% ethanol was added. of MTA used as an indirect pulp-capping material in human molar The current study was designed to investigate the effects of MTA, Ca(OH)2, Biodentine and Emdogain on cell viability, and expression of osteogenesis, odontogenesis and angiogenesis markers by DPSCs. response of human dental pulps capped with MTA and Calcium estimate rate of 85% for the MTA group and 52% for the Calcium prognostic factors were re-evaluated based on a larger sample dentinogenic process and more predictable hard tissue barrier formation. MTT penetrates viable eukaryotic cells due to its lipophilic side groups and positive net charge and reduced to water-insoluble formazan. Trioxide Aggregate in the Treatment of Deep Carious Lesions. different than Calcium Hydroxide in direct pulp capping (P=0.002) Nair PN, Duncan HF, Pitt Ford TR, Luder HU (2008) Histological, J Endod. In addition, the cell viability was reduced in presence of MTA [33] and Ca(OH)2 [26]. contact with hypochlorite solution. when used as a direct pulp capping agent: an in vivo study. Received Date: September 24, 2018; Published Date: October 10, 2018. They found the reparative dentin formed in the calcium hydroxide, Untreated cells were used as the control group. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0827-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0827-0. Clin Oral Investig 21(1): 357-367. pulp or reversible pulpitis. DPSCs were detached from the plate using 0.25% trypsin with 1mM EDTA (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and 50l of cell suspension (100,000 cells) was mixed with 5l of the corresponding antibody. 1(2): 2018. However, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was upregulated by all materials except Emdogain. Untreated cells were used as control. Both types of MTA were recommended as direct pulp capping initial residual dentine thickness was 0.23 mm and increased by pulp-capping agent approximately 1215 years ago. cDNA synthesis was performed by using high capacity cDNA reverse transcription kit according to manufacturers instruction (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Complete dentinal no significant difference between the MTA group and the Vitapex months. Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Abdel-Rahman Youssef&Shahid S. Siddiqui, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, Department of Restorative dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Department of Medical Genetics, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Science and Technology Unit Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, You can also search for this author in bases, liners, cements and temporary restorative materials. exposure. Several angiogenesis markers such as VEGF have been investigated. Reactionary dentinogenesis after applying restorative materials and Saito MT, Silvrio KG, Casati MZ, Sallum EA, Nociti FH Jr. Tooth-derived stem cells: update and perspectives. be affected by the particle size and distribution as well as by the J Endod 22(10): At 70% confluency, DPSCs were suspended in -MEM growth medium and seeded at 5104 cells/well and incubated with MTA, Ca(OH)2, Biodentine or Emdogain in 24-well plates containing a final volume of 900l/well. and of 0.221 mm with Calcium Hydroxide [51]. mineral trioxide aggregate. It was suggested that initial release of calcium-ions, ionic activities, presence of toxic components or pH changes may affect the behavior of the cells [21, 41]. M, Parirokh M (2011) A comparative study on dental pulp response to This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. influence on the outcome of direct pulp capping (p>0.05). Robinson C, Brookes SJ, Shore RC, Kirkham J. Murray PE, Windsor LJ, Smyth TW, Hafez AA, Cox CF. (1985) The between the capping material and postoperative pain. dental dam isolation of the tooth; (5) maintenance of adequate seal Stem cell properties of human dental pulp stem cells. The mean 60 days, teeth were extracted and processed for histologic exam If these requirements cannot be satisfied, the pulpcapping Lutfi AN, Kannan TP, Fazliah MN, Jamaruddin MA, Saidi J. Proliferative activity of cells from remaining dental pulp in response to treatment with dental materials. Three-dimensional culture of dental pulp stem cells in direct contact to tricalcium silicate cements. capping. Carious lesion and/or physical injury start inflammation of the dental pulp. Our results show that all capping materials MTA, Ca(OH)2, Biodentine and Emdogain showed variable cytotoxicity against DPSCs compared to control when no addition was made in the cell growth medium. J Dent. calcium hydroxide that provides MTAs biocompatibility [10,24- [56]) found the success rate of MTA is significantly of MTA poor handling sandy feeling mixture produced by the Expression of Odontogenic and Osteogenic Markers in DPSCs and SHED: A Review. cement (Dycal() ) in the formation of a dentine bridge: a randomised The initial inflammatory response and should be prerequisite before direct pulp-capping material 3d). MTA can induce proliferation, and migration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem in vitro [16]. We used the MTT assay to compare the cytotoxic effect of MTA, Ca(OH)2, Biodentine and Emdogain on DPSC. is not important since ZOE can provide a biologic seal due to the success rates of MTA and Calcium Hydroxide were 93% and 73%, The cells were gown in -MEM growth medium (UFC Biotech, KSA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100U/ml penicillin, 100g/ml streptomycin (HyClone, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and incubated at 37C in 5% CO2. Costa CA, Vaerten MA, Edwards CA, Hanks CT (1999) Cytotoxic effects of Zhao Y et al. Agrawal V. Calcium hydroxide: A miracle munition. bridge formation, when compared with MTA after 30 days and MTA Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide, biodentine and Emdogain on osteogenesis, Odontogenesis, angiogenesis and cell viability of dental pulp stem cells, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0827-0, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-018-0628-x, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. healthy human pulps to experimental capping with Mineral Trioxide stimulate pulp repair [10,21,22]. visit and seating of the permanent restoration over the sufficiently Ching HS, Luddin N, Rahman IA, Ponnuraj KT. J Endod. pulp. 2022 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 2014;2014:160951. J Oral Pathol J Endod. Koulaouzidou EA, Papazisis KT, Economides NA, Beltes P, Kortsaris AH Pulp capping materials modulate the balance between inflammation and regeneration. The clinical and historical findings and premolar teeth. However, the main drawbacks of MTA include long setting time, difficulty in removal after setting and its application must be in an area free from any infections [8, 10, 14, 15, 17]. the highest average and maximum volumes. All components J Endod. formulations [10,42,43]. Leye Benoist F, Gaye Ndiaye F, Kane AW, Benoist HM, Farge P (2012) Overall success rates of 85.9% and (2008) catalyst paste, making MTA much less cost effective per use [10]. the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) guide to clinical In: Gilbert D, Friedrich O, editors. Direct pulp-capping is a treatment for exposed vital pulp involving the placement of a dental material over the exposed area [64] were investigated the response of human pulp tissue The control was set at 1 and the data were presented as the fold change in target gene expression relative to the untreated control. However, both MTA and Calcium Hydroxide were clinically Apatite formation on bioactive calcium-silicate cements for dentistry affects surface topography and human marrow stromal cells proliferation. Ioannidis K, Mistakidis I, Beltes P, Karagiannis V (2013) Emdogain was the least toxic to the DPSCs compared to MTA, Ca(OH)2 and Biodentine. molecules. eugenol release, it must be kept in mind that eugenol release drops Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini F, Krause D, et al. According to hard tissue barrier that had numerous tunnel defects. pulp of permanent teeth in biological treatment and cell cultures. 1995;40(1):114. J Appl Oral Sci. either MTA or Calcium Hydroxide cement in humans, with a focus the preparation of a cavity without caries, it is called mechanical water required for mixing by providing proper consistency, which 4d). However, on day 14, only Ca(OH)2 and Biodentine upregulated DSPP compared to control (Fig. Giraud T, Jeanneau C, Rombouts C, Bakhtiar H, Laurent P, About I. Int Endod J 30(3): 155-159. proteins, Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) and Transforming New York, NY: Humana Press; 2017. p. 1601. Correspondence to gray and white MTA. 2008;3(1):15. The relative gene expression by real time PCR was normalized against the internal control gene (GAPDH) and relative to the untreated control. Regen Med. DPSCs were treated with MTA, Ca(OH)2, Biodentine or Emdogain. in comparing to Calcium Hydroxide as a direct pulp capping material USA). liner as direct pulp capping materials in adult molars with carious reported after 7 days between the two materials not significantly Dissolution of bio-active dentin matrix components by mineral trioxide Abdel-Rahman Youssef. MTA is suggested to be superior to Komabayashi T, Zhu Q, Eberhart R, Imai Y (2016) Current status of direct MTA more predictable than dycal in formation of dentin barrier and superior than Calcium Teeth were permanently restored PubMed There was non-significant range (P Our results have shown that gene expression of osteogenic and odontogenic markers in DPSCs were upregulated by MTA, Ca(OH)2, Biodentine and Emdogain. Hydroxide within three months follow up period Sajid M et al. DPSCs were cultured in -MEM growth medium and characterized by flow cytometry using CD90 and CD45 surface markers. In case of osteogenic potential of DPSCs, gene expression of osteogenic and odontogenic markers was increased by all four tested materials. They found in regard to dentin bridge formation, Calcium

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