Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies We use cookies to enhance your experience. FTIR-ATR analysis shows that the infrared spectra of the low-temperature air environment and low-temperature water environment are almost the same, the decrease in functional groups used to characterize the basic structure of polyisoprene is not obvious during the aging process, and the peak amplitude produced by the hydroxyl carboxyl group and other functional groups during the oxidation process is small, and the oxidation is slow. Additionally, the damaged specimens were tested by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Publishers Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. and S.L. The vulcanized rubber used in this study mainly consisted of polyisoprene (9295% of cis1,4-polyisoprene) which was produced by Hebei Jingjia Rubber products Co., Ltd. (China). The temperature of the freezer test chamber was set to 25 C, and then the 5 groups of specimens were aged in the freezing test chamber for 18 days, 36 days, 54 days, 72 days and 90 days, respectively. Huang L.Q. rubber waterstop, low temperature, aging performance, microscopic examination, mechanism analysis. Li B., Li S.X., Zhang Z.N. Environics offers stand alone permeation systems that can be used for single or multiple disposable permeation tubes. Use the rubber comparison chart to find the most economical seal. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. It is an automated accessory designed to be used with the MINIFLASH FP Vision Analyzer. The results showed that the hardness of rubber material at low-temperature increased with the gradual increase in time and pressure and proposed that one of the reasons for the increase in rubber hardness was crystallization. The site is secure. Received 2021 May 11; Accepted 2021 Jun 18. The compression permanent deformation was calculated according to Equation (1): where Ccompression set (%); h0initial height (mm); h1height after recovery (mm); and hslimiter height (mm). Zeng X., Huang H.S. More info. and M.L. ; visualization, W.Y. Deng Jun et al. GB/T 5292008 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association of China, Rubber, Vulcanizedor Thermoplastic-Determination of Tear Strength (Trouser, Angle and Crescent Test Pieces), GB/T 531.1-2008 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association of China, Rubber, Vulcanizedor Thermoplastic-Determination of Indentation Hardness-Part 1: Duromerer Method (Shore Hardness). 1633 Birchwood Ave. Des Plaines IL 60018 | P: 847-298-4200 F: 847-298-4201 Email Us. Polyacrylate is used in applications such as transmissions or anything where there is petroleum oils and high temperature. [12] studied the influence of time and pressure on rubber in a low-temperature environment. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. The surface of the specimens without aging was relatively flat, and the micro-pits visible to the naked eye appeared on the surface of the specimens after 36 days of low-temperature treatment, and the number increased with time. The decrease in compression permanent deformation indicates that the deformation capacity of vulcanized rubber gradually decreases with the increase in aging time at low temperature, that is, the plasticity weakens. SBR is mostly used in tires and seals for non-mineral oil based applications. This indicates that low temperature is helpful to alleviate the aging of rubber and the weakening of the adhesion of the rubber matrix. The most obvious change was the stretching vibration peak of hydroxyl (OH) at 35003200 cm1. Meanwhile, fossil-based polymers easily burn and release gases that are harmful to the environment, such as toluene. Zhang L.B. Reflection on the present situation and development of highland barley production in Xigaze area. From the analysis of Figure 10 and Figure 11, it can be found that during the low-temperature aging test, the basic structure of the rubber and the position of the characteristic peak do not significantly change before and after aging, which indicates that during the low-temperature treatment process of 090 days, the basic chemical structure of the rubber waterstop was not obviously damaged or the damage is relatively small. Before 1College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; [emailprotected] (W.Y. In applications, rubber waterstop is often exposed to various environments, such as oxygen, ozone, light and temperature, so it often changes in composition and structure [5,6]. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, S.L. The authors declare no conflict of interest. HNBR has excellent abrasion, compression set, tensile, and tear properties. How Does the Introduction of a Porous Aggregate Improve Foam Concrete 3D Printing? Study on cloud and precipitation probability in flood season in Xigaze, Xizang. To sign up for alerts, please log in first. First of all, natural rubber is derived from rubber trees, while fossil-based polymers are derived from petroleum by-products, which means that natural rubber is inexhaustible and fossil-based polymers are limited. However, the temperature in Xigaze is low all year round, with an average temperature of 6.5 C [13]. Intramolecular reactions can occur in vulcanized rubber polymers due to the polyunsaturated property and the short distance between the double bonds. At the Advanced Materials Show 2022,AZoM caught upwith the CEO of Cambridge Smart Plastics, AndrewTerentjev. As fossil-based polymers are difficult to degrade [7], many fossil-based polymers products are discarded and flow into the sea [8]. The results showed that with the growth of aging time, the mechanical properties of the rubber waterstop are reduced. Due to the ever-increasing demand for energy, the demand for nuclear fuel has also increased, which has further created a significant increase in the requirement for post-irradiation examination (PIE) techniques. Data reproduced with permission of Granta Design Limited www.grantadesign.com. Longer Lasting Sodium-Ion Batteries with Extended Durability, Glass - Humankind's Most Important Material, Physical testing for 3D Printed Medical Products Innovations Require New Test Methods, Avoid Corrosion, Determine Organic Chlorides in Crude Oil per ASTM D4929 Part C. Which Alloys Are Prone to Corrosion, and How Can We Prevent This? Has excellent resistance to petroleum oils and fuels. Figure 8 shows the cross-sectional morphologies of the tensile test pieces in the low-temperature air environment and low-temperature water environment. By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The peaks at 1640 cm1 and 878 cm1 were defined as =CH stretching vibration of the cis-1,4 structure, while the peak at 1443 cm1 was assigned to deformation vibration absorption of CO. National Library of Medicine Figure 10 presents the infrared spectra of the rubber waterstop under a low-temperature air environment. It allows users to collect data on the size and speed of falling particles. Butyl also has good electrical, shock dampening properties. Based on the findings from this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: Conceptualization, L.Y. Unlike standard nitriles, HNBR resists ozone, sunlight, and other atmospheric environments. Enter words / phrases / DOI / ISBN / authors / keywords / etc. An official website of the United States government. However, it has low tensile, tear and wear resistance. Responds very well with resistance to ozone, high temperatures, oxygen, mineral oil, synthetic hydraulic fluids, fuels, aromatics and many organic solvents and chemicals. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted ; resources, L.Y. In the above studies, the environment of rubber aging was mostly set to high temperature and high oxygen or lack of microscopic testing and mechanism analysis. In the low-temperature water environment, the content of C element decreased by 4.16% while the content of the O element increased by 61.19% after 90 days. After 54 days, the peak intensity sharply increased, and then slowly increased. Infrared spectra of low-temperature water environment. eaha``lt=id?#Lp%xa`8a'%Yrp}&`+O!KNxCFVl2Rg7Kj lC"Ii@nl!F Gwun`i. The Nexus 470 Fourier infrared spectrometer was produced by Nicolet (Waltham, MA, USA). The infrared spectra of the rubber waterstop in low-temperature air environment and low-temperature water environment after 18 days, 36 days, 54 days, 72 days and 90 days are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11. Tan L.Y. Li Bo et al. hb```l"B The Copyright document.write((new Date()).getFullYear()); Rahco Rubber, Inc. All rights reserved. The rubber waterstop, as the most commonly used waterstop material, can effectively prevent the leakage and seepage of building joints, and play the role of shock absorption and buffer, so it is widely used in projects [1,2,3,4]. endstream endobj startxref Or better yet, use the rubber chart to find which material will best suit your environment. Nitrile has good mechanical properties and high wear resistance relative to other elastomers. It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, Figure 4 and Figure 5 that the tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and compression permanent deformation of the rubber waterstop decreased in the low-temperature environment. Mechanical properties of aging rubber waterstop in low-temperature air environment. Secondly, the performance of fossil-based polymers in degradability and recycling is worse than that of natural rubber. The .gov means its official. Talking Parts A Quick Video Series Looking at Critical Components. As shown in Figure 7df, in the low-temperature water environment, the surface morphology of the specimens protruded, and after 54 days, the rubber surface appeared stepped stratification. !gM`dc /z]l`LJH RD6`v=dtD_~v q l^)&FS`10j? Shen H.Q. Study on thermal oxygen aging properties of different rubber materials. Since the lowest annual temperature in Xigaze is 25 C [16], the low-temperature environment in this paper was set at 25 C. The changes in the content of C and O elements (wt %) in the rubber waterstop samples are shown in Table 3. 637 0 obj <>stream The compression specimen was put into the compression permanent deformer to make its compression rate reach 2328%. YangJin Z.M., JiaYong C.C. At low temperature, the surface of the specimen became rough while the specimen became hard. The FTIR spectra were recorded using a Nicolet Nexus 470 spectrometer equipped with an ATR attachment. The YF-8426 compression permanent deformation machine was produced by YangZhou YuanFeng Experiment Co (China). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The surface morphology of the rubber waterstop before and after aging is further examined by SEM and is shown in Figure 7. J.R. Beatty et al. ; funding acquisition, Project of Jiangsu Provincial Construction Engineering Administration. FOIA Infrared spectra of low-temperature air environment. SEM observation reveals that with the increase in aging time, the surface additive particles disappear, many protrusions appear and gradually increase in the low-temperature air environment. For example, if you need to find rubber compression properties, rubber weather resistance or even rubber ozone resistance for your O-rings, you can find the best combination of elastomer properties by using this O-ring material guide for your application. ; formal analysis, S.L. The new PMC design is here! The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Talking about the application of rubber waterstop in hydraulic engineering. This article provides an end-of-life assessment of lithium-ion batteries, focusing on the recycling of an ever-growing amount of spent Li-Ion batteries in order to work toward a sustainable and circular approach to battery use and reuse. The reason for this is that the rubber main chain and side chain of the molecular chain and crosslinking chain fracture happens, simultaneously creating new crosslinking, whereas in the low-temperature environment, the rubber molecular chain is in a new crosslinking reaction, thus showing surface hardening after aging and brittle crack, namely due to its decreasing tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and compression permanent deformation. [10] studied the effects of different aging temperatures and aging times on the properties of different types of rubber. Technol. Henan Water Resour. Ethylene Propylene Copolymer has excellent resistance to phosphate ester fluids (Skydrol), brake fluids (glycol base), steam, weather, and ozone. The cross-sectional morphologies changed little in the aging cycle, indicating that the environment has little effect on the adhesion of the rubber matrix. After aging for different times in the low-temperature air environment and low-temperature water environment, the mechanical properties of the rubber waterstop are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. Butyl has a very low permeability rate making it a great seal under vacuum.

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